JNJ-54257099,

1-((2R,4aR,6R,7R,7aR)-2-Isopropoxy-2-oxidodihydro-4H,6H-spiro[furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinine-7,2′-oxetan]-6-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

MW 374.28, C₁₄ H₁₉ N₂ O₈ P

CAS 1491140-67-0

2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 1-[(2R,2′R,4aR,6R,7aR)-dihydro-2-(1-methylethoxy)-2-oxidospiro[4H-furo[3,2-d]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorin-7(6H),2′-oxetan]-6-yl]-

1-((2R,4aR,6R,7R,7aR)-2-Isopropoxy-2-oxidodihydro-4H,6H-spiro[furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphos-phinine-7,2′-oxetan]-6-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Janssen R&D Ireland INNOVATOR

Ioannis Nicolaos Houpis, Tim Hugo Maria Jonckers, Pierre Jean-Marie Bernard Raboisson, Abdellah Tahri, 

Tim Hugo Maria Jonckers

Tim Jonckers was born in Antwerp in 1974. He studied Chemistry at the University of Antwerp and obtained his Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 2002. His Ph.D. work covered the synthesis of new necryptolepine derivatives which have potential antimalarial activity. Currently he works as a Senior Scientist at Tibotec, a pharmaceutical research and development company based in Mechelen, Belgium, that focuses on viral diseases mainly AIDS and hepatitis. The company was acquired by Johnson & Johnson in April 2002 and recently gained FDA approval for its HIV-protease inhibitor PREZISTA™.

DATA

Chiral SFC using the methods described(Method 1, R_t= 5.12 min, >99%; Method 2, R_t = 7.95 min, >99%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δ ppm 1.45 (dd, J = 7.53, 6.27 Hz, 6 H), 2.65–2.84 (m, 2 H), 3.98 (td, J = 10.29, 4.77 Hz, 1 H), 4.27 (t,J = 9.66 Hz, 1 H), 4.43 (ddd, J = 8.91, 5.77, 5.65 Hz, 1 H), 4.49–4.61 (m, 1 H), 4.65 (td, J = 7.78, 5.77 Hz, 1 H), 4.73 (d, J = 7.78 Hz, 1 H), 4.87 (dq, J = 12.74, 6.30 Hz, 1 H), 5.55 (br. s., 1 H), 5.82 (d, J = 8.03 Hz, 1 H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.03 Hz, 1 H), 8.78 (br. s., 1 H);

³¹P NMR (chloroform-d) δ ppm −7.13. LC-MS: 375 (M + H)⁺.

HCV is a single stranded, positive-sense R A virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family of viruses in the hepacivirus genus. The NS5B region of the RNA polygene encodes a RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is essential to viral replication. Following the initial acute infection, a majority of infected individuals develop chronic hepatitis because HCV replicates preferentially in hepatocytes but is not directly cytopathic. In particular, the lack of a vigorous T-lymphocyte response and the high propensity of the virus to mutate appear to promote a high rate of chronic infection. Chronic hepatitis can progress to liver fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma), making it the leading cause of liver transplantations. There are six major HCV genotypes and more than 50 subtypes, which are differently distributed geographically. HCV genotype 1 is the predominant genotype in Europe and in the US. The extensive genetic heterogeneity of HCV has important diagnostic and clinical implications, perhaps explaining difficulties in vaccine development and the lack of response to current therapy.

Transmission of HCV can occur through contact with contaminated blood or blood products, for example following blood transfusion or intravenous drug use. The introduction of diagnostic tests used in blood screening has led to a downward trend in post-transfusion HCV incidence. However, given the slow progression to the end-stage liver disease, the existing infections will continue to present a serious medical and economic burden for decades.

Therapy possibilities have extended towards the combination of a HCV protease inhibitor (e.g. Telaprevir or boceprevir) and (pegylated) interferon-alpha (IFN-a) / ribavirin. This combination therapy has significant side effects and is poorly tolerated in many patients. Major side effects include influenza-like symptoms, hematologic

abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Hence there is a need for more effective, convenient and better-tolerated treatments.

The NS5B RdRp is essential for replication of the single-stranded, positive sense, HCV RNA genome. This enzyme has elicited significant interest among medicinal chemists. Both nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors of NS5B are known. Nucleoside inhibitors can act as a chain terminator or as a competitive inhibitor, or as both. In order to be active, nucleoside inhibitors have to be taken up by the cell and converted in vivo to a triphosphate. This conversion to the triphosphate is commonly mediated by cellular kinases, which imparts additional structural requirements on a potential nucleoside polymerase inhibitor. In addition this limits the direct evaluation of nucleosides as inhibitors of HCV replication to cell-based assays capable of in situ phosphorylation.

Several attempts have been made to develop nucleosides as inhibitors of HCV RdRp, but while a handful of compounds have progressed into clinical development, none have proceeded to registration. Amongst the problems which HCV-targeted

nucleosides have encountered to date are toxicity, mutagenicity, lack of selectivity, poor efficacy, poor bioavailability, sub-optimal dosage regimes and ensuing high pill burden and cost of goods.

Spirooxetane nucleosides, in particular l-(8-hydroxy-7-(hydroxy- methyl)- 1,6-dioxaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivatives and their use as HCV inhibitors are known from WO2010/130726, and WO2012/062869, including

CAS-1375074-52-4.

There is a need for HCV inhibitors that may overcome at least one of the disadvantages of current HCV therapy such as side effects, limited efficacy, the emerging of resistance, and compliance failures, or improve the sustained viral response.

The present invention concerns HCV-inhibiting uracyl spirooxetane derivatives with useful properties regarding one or more of the following parameters: antiviral efficacy towards at least one of the following genotypes la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3,4 and 6, favorable

profile of resistance development, lack of toxicity and genotoxicity, favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and ease of formulation and administration.

Such an HCV-inhibiting uracyl spirooxetane derivative is a compound with formula I

including any pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

PATENT

WO 2015077966

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2015077966A1?cl=en

Synthesis of compound (I)

(5) (6a)

Synthesis of compound (6a)

A solution of isopropyl alcohol (3.86 mL,0.05mol) and triethylamine (6.983 mL, 0.05mol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added to a stirred solution of POCI₃ (5)

(5.0 mL, 0.055 lmol) in DCM (50 mL) dropwise over a period of 25 min at -5°C. After the mixture stirred for lh, the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was suspended in ether (100 mL). The triethylamine hydrochloride salt was filtered and washed with ether (20 mL). The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was distilled to give the (6) as a colorless liquid (6.1g, 69 %yield).

Synthesis of compound (4):

CAS 1255860-33-3 is dissolved in pyridine and 1,3-dichloro-l, 1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane is added. The reaction is stirred at room temperature until complete. The solvent is removed and the product redissolved in CH₂CI₂ and washed with saturated NaHC0₃ solution. Drying on MgSC^ and removal of the solvent gives compound (2). Compound (3) is prepared by reacting compound (2) with p-methoxybenzylchloride in the presence of DBU as the base in CH₃CN. Compound (4) is prepared by cleavage of the bis-silyl protecting group in compound (3) using TBAF as the fluoride source.

Synthesis of compound (7a)

To a stirred suspension of (4) (2.0 g, 5.13 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added triethylamine (2.07 g, 20.46 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to -20°C, and then (6a) (1.2 g, 6.78mmol) was added dropwise over a period of lOmin. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 15min and then NMI was added (0.84 g, 10.23 mmol), dropwise over a period of 15 min. The mixture was stirred at -15°C for lh and then slowly warmed to room temperature in 20 h. The solvent was evaporated, the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using petroleum ether/EtOAc (10: 1 to 5: 1 as a gradient) to give (7a) as white solid (0.8 g, 32 % yield).

Synthesis of compound (I)

To a solution of (7a) in CH₃CN (30 mL) and H₂0 (7 mL) was add CAN portion wise below 20° C. The mixture was stirred at 15-20° C for 5h under N₂. Na₂S0₃ (370 mL) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture below 15°C, and then Na₂C0₃ (370 mL) was added. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was extracted with CH₂C1₂

(100 mL*3). The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give the target compound (8a) as white solid. (Yield: 55%)

1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM- ) δ ppm 1.45 (dd, J=7.53, 6.27 Hz, 6 H), 2.65 -2.84 (m, 2 H), 3.98 (td, J=10.29, 4.77 Hz, 1 H), 4.27 (t, J=9.66 Hz, 1 H), 4.43 (ddd, J=8.91, 5.77, 5.65 Hz, 1 H), 4.49 – 4.61 (m, 1 H), 4.65 (td, J=7.78, 5.77 Hz, 1 H), 4.73 (d, J=7.78 Hz, 1 H), 4.87 (dq, J=12.74, 6.30 Hz, 1 H), 5.55 (br. s., 1 H), 5.82 (d, J=8.03 Hz, 1 H), 7.20 (d, J=8.03 Hz, 1 H), 8.78 (br. s., 1 H); ³¹P NMR (CHLOROFORM-^) δ ppm -7.13; LC-MS: 375 (M+l)+

PATENT

https://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2013174962A1?cl=en

The starting material l-[(4R,5R,7R,8R)-8-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-l,6-dioxa- spiro[3.4]octan-5-yl]pyrimidine-2,4(lH,3H)-dione (1) can be prepared as exemplified in WO2010/130726. Compound (1) is converted into compounds of the present invention via a p-methoxybenzyl protected derivative (4) as exemplified in the following Scheme 1. cheme 1

Examples

Scheme 2

Synthesis of compound (8a)

Synthesis of compound (2)

Compound (2) can be prepared by dissolving compound (1) in pyridine and adding l,3-dichloro-l,l,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane. The reaction is stirred at room temperature until complete. The solvent is removed and the product redissolved in CH₂CI₂and washed with saturated NaHC0₃ solution. Drying on MgSC^ and removal of the solvent gives compound (2).

Synthesis of compound (3)

Compound (3) is prepared by reacting compound (2) with p-methoxybenzylchloride in the presence of DBU as the base in CH₃CN.

Synthesis of compound (4)

Compound (4) is prepared by cleavage of the bis-silyl protecting group in compound (3) using TBAF as the fluoride source.

Synthesis of compound (6a)

A solution of isopropyl alcohol (3.86 mL,0.05mol) and triethylamine (6.983 mL, 0.05mol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added to a stirred solution of POCl₃ (5) (5.0 mL, 0.055 lmol) in DCM (50 mL) dropwise over a period of 25 min at -5°C. After the mixture stirred for lh, the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was suspended in ether (100 mL). The triethylamine hydrochloride salt was filtered and washed with ether (20 mL). The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was distilled to give the (6) as a colorless liquid (6.1g, 69 %yield).

Synthesis of compound (7a)

To a stirred suspension of (4) (2.0 g, 5.13 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added triethylamine (2.07 g, 20.46 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to -20°C, and then (6a) (1.2 g, 6.78mmol) was added dropwise over a period of lOmin. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 15min and then NMI was added (0.84 g, 10.23 mmol), dropwise over a period of 15 min. The mixture was stirred at -15°C for lh and then slowly warmed to room temperature in 20 h. The solvent was evaporated, the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using petroleum ether/EtOAc (10:1 to 5: 1 as a gradient) to give (7a) as white solid (0.8 g, 32 % yield).

Synthesis of compound (8a)

To a solution of (7a) in CH₃CN (30 mL) and H₂0 (7 mL) was add CAN portion wise below 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 15-20°C for 5h under N₂. Na₂S0₃ (370 mL) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture below 15°C, and then Na₂C0₃ (370 mL) was added. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was extracted with CH₂C1₂

(100 mL*3). The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give the target compound (8a) as white solid. (Yield: 55%)

1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM- ) δ ppm 1.45 (dd, J=7.53, 6.27 Hz, 6 H), 2.65 – 2.84 (m, 2 H), 3.98 (td, J=10.29, 4.77 Hz, 1 H), 4.27 (t, J=9.66 Hz, 1 H), 4.43 (ddd, J=8.91, 5.77, 5.65 Hz, 1 H), 4.49 – 4.61 (m, 1 H), 4.65 (td, J=7.78, 5.77 Hz, 1 H), 4.73 (d, J=7.78 Hz, 1 H), 4.87 (dq, J=12.74, 6.30 Hz, 1 H), 5.55 (br. s., 1 H), 5.82 (d, J=8.03 Hz, 1 H), 7.20 (d, J=8.03 Hz, 1 H), 8.78 (br. s., 1 H); ³¹P NMR (CHLOROFORM-^) δ ppm -7.13; LC-MS: 375 (M+l)+ Scheme 3

Synthesis of compound (VI)

Step 1: Synthesis of compound (9)Compound (1), CAS 1255860-33-3 ( 1200 mg, 4.33 mmol ) and l,8-bis(dimethyl- amino)naphthalene (3707 mg, 17.3 mmol) were dissolved in 24.3 mL of

trimethylphosphate. The solution was cooled to 0°C. Compound (5) (1.21 mL, 12.98 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred well maintaining the temperature at 0°C for 5 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of 120 mL of tetraethyl- ammonium bromide solution (1M) and extracted with CH₂CI₂ (2×80 mL). Purification was done by preparative HPLC (Stationary phase: RP XBridge Prep CI 8 ΟΒϋ-10μιη, 30x150mm, mobile phase: 0.25% NH₄HCO₃ solution in water, CH₃CN) , yielding two fractions. The purest fraction was dissolved in water (15 mL) and passed through a manually packed Dowex (H⁺) column by elution with water. The end of the elution was determined by checking UV absorbance of eluting fractions. Combined fractions were frozen at -78°C and lyophilized. Compound (9) was obtained as a white fluffy solid (303 mg, (0.86 mmol, 20%> yield), which was used immediately in the following reaction. Step 2: Preparation of compound (VI)

Compound (9) (303 mg, 0.86 mmol) was dissolved in 8 mL water and to this solution was added N . N’- D ic y c ! he y !-4- mo rph line carboxamidine (253.8 mg, 0.86 mmol) dissolved in pyridine (8.4 mi.). The mixture was kept for 5 minutes and then

evaporated to dryness, dried overnight in vacuo overnight at 37°C. The residu was dissolved in pyridine (80 mL). This solution was added dropwise to vigorously stirred DCC (892.6 mg, 4.326 mmol) in pyridine (80 mL) at reflux temperature. The solution was kept refluxing for 1.5h during which some turbidity was observed in the solution. The reaction mixture was cooled and evaporated to dryness. Diethylether (50 mL) and water (50 mL) were added to the solid residu. N’N-dicyclohexylurea was filtered off, and the aqueous fraction was purified by preparative HPLC (Stationary phase: RP XBridge Prep C18 OBD-ΙΟμιη, 30x150mm, mobile phase: 0.25% NH₄HCO₃ solution in water, CH₃CN) , yielding a white solid which was dried overnight in vacuo at 38°C. (185 mg, 0.56 mmol, 65% yield). LC-MS: (M+H)⁺: 333.

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) d ppm 2.44 – 2.59 (m, 2 H) signal falls under DMSO signal, 3.51 (td, J=9.90, 5.50 Hz, 1 H), 3.95 – 4.11 (m, 2 H), 4.16 (d, J=10.34 Hz, 1 H), 4.25 – 4.40 (m, 2 H), 5.65 (d, J=8.14 Hz, 1 H), 5.93 (br. s., 1 H), 7.46 (d, J=7.92 Hz, 1 H), 2H’s not observed

Paper

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00382,

Discovery of 1-((2R,4aR,6R,7R,7aR)-2-Isopropoxy-2-oxidodihydro-4H,6H-spiro[furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinine-7,2′-oxetan]-6-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (JNJ-54257099), a 3′-5′-Cyclic Phosphate Ester Prodrug of 2′-Deoxy-2′-Spirooxetane Uridine Triphosphate Useful for HCV Inhibition

JNJ-54257099 (9) is a novel cyclic phosphate ester derivative that belongs to the class of 2′-deoxy-2′-spirooxetane uridine nucleotide prodrugs which are known as inhibitors of the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). In the Huh-7 HCV genotype (GT) 1b replicon-containing cell line 9 is devoid of any anti-HCV activity, an observation attributable to inefficient prodrug metabolism which was found to be CYP3A4-dependent. In contrast, in vitro incubation of 9 in primary human hepatocytes as well as pharmacokinetic evaluation thereof in different preclinical species reveals the formation of substantial levels of 2′-deoxy-2′-spirooxetane uridine triphosphate (8), a potent inhibitor of the HCV NS5B polymerase. Overall, it was found that 9 displays a superior profile compared to its phosphoramidate prodrug analogues (e.g., 4) described previously. Of particular interest is the in vivo dose dependent reduction of HCV RNA observed in HCV infected (GT1a and GT3a) human hepatocyte chimeric mice after 7 days of oral administration of 9

////////////JNJ-54257099, 1491140-67-0, JNJ54257099, JNJ 54257099

O=C(C=C1)NC(N1[C@H]2[C@]3(OCC3)[C@H](O4)[C@@H](CO[P@@]4(OC(C)C)=O)O2)=O

PF-05388169

CAS 1604034-78-7,  MF C₂₂ H₂₁ N₃ O₄

MW 391.42

IRAK4 inhibitor

Rheumatoid arthritis;
SLE

Preclinical

PAPER

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2014), 24(9), 2066-2072.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X14002832

Identification and optimization of indolo[2,3-c]quinoline inhibitors of IRAK4

• L. Nathan Tumey^{a, ,} ,
• Diane H. Boschelli^a,
• Niala Bhagirath^a,
• Jaechul Shim^a,
• Elizabeth A. Murphy^b,
• Deborah Goodwin^b,
• Eric M. Bennett^c,
• Mengmeng Wang^d,
• Lih-Ling Lin^b,
• Barry Press^a,
• Marina Shen^b,
• Richard K. Frisbie^a,
• Paul Morgan^b,
• Shashi Mohan^b,
• Julia Shin^b,
• Vikram R. Rao^b

• ^a Pfizer Global R&D, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA
• ^b Pfizer Global R&D, 200 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
• ^c Pfizer Global R&D, 87 Cambridgepark Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
• ^d Pfizer Global R&D, 1 Burtt Rd., Andover, MA 01810, USA

doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.056

IRAK4 is responsible for initiating signaling from Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and members of the IL-1/18 receptor family. Kinase-inactive knock-ins and targeted deletions of IRAK4 in mice cause reductions in TLR induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and these mice are resistant to various models of arthritis. Herein we report the identification and optimization of a series of potent IRAK4 inhibitors. Representative examples from this series showed excellent selectivity over a panel of kinases, including the kinases known to play a role in TLR-mediated signaling. The compounds exhibited low nM potency in LPS- and R848-induced cytokine assays indicating that they are blocking the TLR signaling pathway. A key compound (26) from this series was profiled in more detail and found to have an excellent pharmaceutical profile as measured by predictive assays such as microsomal stability, TPSA, solubility, and c log P. However, this compound was found to afford poor exposure in mouse upon IP or IV administration. We found that removal of the ionizable solubilizing group (32) led to increased exposure, presumably due to increased permeability. Compounds 26 and 32, when dosed to plasma levels corresponding to ex vivo whole blood potency, were shown to inhibit LPS-induced TNFα in an in vivo murine model. To our knowledge, this is the first published in vivo demonstration that inhibition of the IRAK4 pathway by a small molecule can recapitulate the phenotype of IRAK4 knockout mice.

SYNTHESIS

//////////PF-05388169, TLR signaling, Indoloquinoline, IRAK4, Kinase inhibitor, Inflammation, PRECLINICAL, 1604034-78-7

C(COC)OCCOc4c(cc3\C2=N\c1cc(ccc1/C2=C/Nc3c4)C#N)OC

PF-05387252

CAS  1604034-71-0

2-methoxy-3-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy]-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-9-carbonitrile

IRAK4 inhibitor

Rheumatoid arthritis;
SLE

Preclinical

In the past decade there has been considerable interest in targeting the innate immune system in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and sterile inflammation. Receptors of the innate immune system provide the first line of defense against bacterial and viral insults. These receptors recognize bacterial and viral products as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby initiate a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL6, and interferons. Recently it has become apparent that self-generated ligands such as nucleic acids and products of inflammation such as HMGB1 and Advanced Glycated End-products (AGE) are ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which are key receptors of the innate immune system.

This demonstrates the role of TLRs in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammation due to autoimmunity.

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK4) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase involved in the regulation of innate immunity. IRAK4 is responsible for initiating signaling from TLRs and members of the IL-1/18 receptor family. Kinase-inactive knock-ins and targeted deletions of IRAK4 in mice lead to reductions in TLR and IL-1 induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. ^and 7 IRAK-4 kinase-dead knock-in mice have been shown to be resistant to induced joint inflammation in the antigen-induced-arthritis (AIA) and serum transfer-induced (K/BxN) arthritis models. Likewise, humans deficient in IRAK4 also display the inability to respond to challenge by TLR ligands and IL-1

 However, the immunodeficient phenotype of IRAK4-null individuals is narrowly restricted to challenge by gram positive bacteria, but not gram negative bacteria, viruses or fungi. This gram positive sensitivity also lessens with age implying redundant or compensatory mechanisms for innate immunity in the absence of IRAK4.These data suggest that inhibitors of IRAK4 kinase activity will have therapeutic value in treating cytokine driven autoimmune diseases while having minimal immunosuppressive side effects. Additional recent studies suggest that targeting IRAK4 may be a viable strategy for the treatment of other inflammatory pathologies such as atherosclerosis.

Indeed, the therapeutic potential of IRAK4 inhibitors has been recognized by others within the drug-discovery community as evidenced by the variety of IRAK4 inhibitors have been reported to-date.^{12, 13, 14, 15 and 16} However, limited data has been published about these compounds and they appear to suffer from a variety of issues such as poor kinase selectivity and poor whole-blood potency that preclude their advancement into the pre-clinical models. To the best of our knowledge, no in vivo studies of IRAK4 inhibitors have been reported to-date in the literature. Herein we report a new class of IRAK4 inhibitors that are shown to recapitulate the phenotype observed in IRAK4 knockout and kinase-dead mice.

PAPER

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2014), 24(9), 2066-2072.

doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.056

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X14002832

Identification and optimization of indolo[2,3-c]quinoline inhibitors of IRAK4

• L. Nathan Tumey^{a, ,} ,
• Diane H. Boschelli^a,
• Niala Bhagirath^a,
• Jaechul Shim^a,
• Elizabeth A. Murphy^b,
• Deborah Goodwin^b,
• Eric M. Bennett^c,
• Mengmeng Wang^d,
• Lih-Ling Lin^b,
• Barry Press^a,
• Marina Shen^b,
• Richard K. Frisbie^a,
• Paul Morgan^b,
• Shashi Mohan^b,
• Julia Shin^b,
• Vikram R. Rao^b

• ^a Pfizer Global R&D, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA
• ^b Pfizer Global R&D, 200 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
• ^c Pfizer Global R&D, 87 Cambridgepark Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
• ^d Pfizer Global R&D, 1 Burtt Rd., Andover, MA 01810, USA

Abstract

IRAK4 is responsible for initiating signaling from Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and members of the IL-1/18 receptor family. Kinase-inactive knock-ins and targeted deletions of IRAK4 in mice cause reductions in TLR induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and these mice are resistant to various models of arthritis. Herein we report the identification and optimization of a series of potent IRAK4 inhibitors. Representative examples from this series showed excellent selectivity over a panel of kinases, including the kinases known to play a role in TLR-mediated signaling. The compounds exhibited low nM potency in LPS- and R848-induced cytokine assays indicating that they are blocking the TLR signaling pathway. A key compound (26) from this series was profiled in more detail and found to have an excellent pharmaceutical profile as measured by predictive assays such as microsomal stability, TPSA, solubility, and c log P. However, this compound was found to afford poor exposure in mouse upon IP or IV administration. We found that removal of the ionizable solubilizing group (32) led to increased exposure, presumably due to increased permeability. Compounds 26 and 32, when dosed to plasma levels corresponding to ex vivo whole blood potency, were shown to inhibit LPS-induced TNFα in an in vivo murine model. To our knowledge, this is the first published in vivo demonstration that inhibition of the IRAK4 pathway by a small molecule can recapitulate the phenotype of IRAK4 knockout mice.

SYNTHESIS

////////PF-05387252,  1604034-71-0, PF 05387252, TLR signaling, Indoloquinoline, IRAK4, Kinase inhibitor, Inflammation, PRECLINICAL

N1(CCN(CC1)CCCOc3c(cc2c4nc5cc(ccc5c4cnc2c3)C#N)OC)C

OR

CN1CCN(CC1)CCCOC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N=CC4=C3NC5=C4C=CC(=C5)C#N)OC

CAS 1620779-53-4
MF C22H20N4O2, MW 372.4

(S)-2-(5-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-N-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanamide

1H-1,2,3-Triazole-1-acetamide, 5-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-N-hydroxy-4-phenyl-α-(phenylmethyl)-, (αS)-

1H NMR (500 MHz, d4-MeOD) 0.80 (2H, m), 0.98 (2H, m), 1.47 (1H, m), 3.51 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 14.2 Hz), 3.71 (1H, dd, J = 3.9, 14.2 Hz), 5.49 (1H, dd, J = 3.9, 11.2 Hz), 6.96 (2H, m), 7.17-7.20 (3H, m), 7.37 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.43 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.99 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz);

13C NMR (100 MHz, d4-MeOD) 0.02, 8.55, 37.07, 60.83, 62.59, 109.09, 118.98, 125.9, 127.16, 128.55, 128.65, 128.71, 129.16, 130.07, 136.09, 147.10, 165.20;

HRMS calculated for C22H21N4O2 + (M+H): 373.1659, found: 373.1665.

PATENT

WO2014116962

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2014116962A1?cl=en

SAR. libraries were synthesized to investigate substitution about the triazole core. In some examples, compounds were synthesized using the synthetic routes shown in Fig. 2.

In one study, compound
was synthesized as outline in Scheme I.

Scheme I

PATENT

US153441899

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US153441899&recNum=1&office=&queryString=FP%3A%28Aaron+Beeler%29&prevFilter=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&maxRec=8

 was synthesized as outline in Scheme I.

Paper

A novel, isoform-selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) has been discovered by the repurposing of a diverse compound collection. Medicinal chemistry optimization led to the identification of a highly potent (0.8 nM) and selective inhibitor of HDAC8.

Development of a Potent and Selective HDAC8 Inhibitor

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00239

file:///C:/Users/Inspiron/Downloads/ml6b00239_si_001.pdf

Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States

Center for Molecular Discovery (CMD) Director John Porco and members of the CMD lab team.

Aaron Beeler

Aaron Beeler received his Ph.D. in 2002 from Professor John Rimoldi’s laboratory in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Mississippi. He then joined the Porco group as a postodoctoral fellow and subsequently the Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development at Boston University, now the Center for Molecular Discovery. He was promoted to Assistant Director of the CMLD-BU in January 2005. In 2012 Aaron joined the Department of Chemistry as a tenure-track professor in medicinal chemistry.

Degrees and Positions

• B.S. Belmont University, Biology,
• Ph.D. University of Mississippi, Medicinal Chemistry

Research

The Beeler Research Group is truly multidisciplinary, combining organic chemistry, engineering, and biology to solve problems in medicinal chemistry. All of these elements are combined and directed toward significant problems in human health. The Beeler Group is addressing focused disease areas (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson’s, cystic fibrosis), as well as project areas with broader impact potential (e.g., new methods for discovery of small molecules with anti-cancer properties).

• Medicinal Chemistry: The goals of medicinal chemistry projects are to optimize small molecules in order to: a) develop a probe that may be utilized as a tool in biological studies; b) develop a lead molecule to facilitate future therapeutics; and c) utilize small molecules to enhance understanding of biological targets that are important for human health. These projects provide students with training in organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and focused biology. Projects are selected based on their chemistry and/or biology significance and potential for addressing challenging questions.
• Technology: One of the core components of the research in the Beeler Group is development of technologies and paradigms that facilitate rapid modification of complex scaffolds. These technologies enable optimization of biologically active lead compounds and identification of small molecule leads in biological systems. The projects focus on utilizing automation, miniaturization, and microfluidics to carry out chemical transformations. These projects are highly interdisciplinary with both chemistry and engineering components.
• Photochemistry: This area focuses on photochemical transformations toward the synthesis of natural products, natural product scaffolds, and other complex chemotypes of interest to medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. The foundation of these projects is utilizing microfluidics to enable photochemical reaction development.

Techniques & Resources

Students in the Beeler Research Group will have opportunities to learn a number of exciting research disciplines. Organic synthesis will be at the heart of every project. This will include targeted synthesis, methodology development, and medicinal chemistry. Through collaborations with biological researchers and/or research projects carried out within the Beeler Group, students will learn methods for biological assays, pharmacology, and target identification. Many projects will also include aspects of engineering that will provide opportunities for learning techniques such as microfabrication and microfluidics.

Opportunities

It is becoming evident that successful and impactful science is realized in collaborative interdisciplinary environments. The Beeler Research Group’s multidisciplinary nature and collaborative projects provides opportunities to learn areas of research outside of traditional chemistry.

What’s Next for Graduates of the Beeler Group?

Members of the Beeler Research Group will be positioned for a wide range of future endeavors.

• Undergraduates will be prepared to enter into graduate school for organic chemistry, chemical biology, or chemical engineering or to start careers in industry;
• Graduate students will have the foundation required for postdoctoral studies in organic synthesis or chemical biology as well as an industrial career in biotech or pharma;
• Postdoctoral associates will gain training and experience critical for both academic and industrial careers.

Assistant Professor
Office: SCI 484C
Laboratory: SCI 484A
Phone: 617.358.3487
Fax: 617-358-2847
beelera@bu.edu
Office Hours: by Appointment
Beeler Group Homepage
Google Scholar Page

Oscar J. Ingham below

John A. PORCO, JR  below

JAMES E. BRADNER, MD  above

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Randolph A. Escobar

Han Yueh

///////////epigenetic,  HDAC, HDAC8,  Histone deacetylase,  histone deacetylase 8,  triazole, PRECLINICAL, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States, Oscar J. Ingham, Aaron Beeler

n1n(c(c(n1)c2ccccc2)C#CC3CC3)C(C(=O)NO)Cc4ccccc4

1, 2-Bis(4-(4-4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone

CAS 330633-91-5

CDRI-?

For treatment of androgen sensitive prostatic disorders

1, 2-Bis(4-(4-4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone

In the quest for novel scaffolds for the management of androgen sensitive prostatic disorders like prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, a series of twenty-six aryl/heteroaryl piperazine derivatives have been described. Three compounds, 8a, 8c and 9a, exhibited good activity profiles against an androgen sensitive prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) with EC₅₀values of 9.8, 7.6 and 11.2 μM, respectively. These compounds caused a decrease in luciferase activity and a decline in PSA and Ca²⁺ levels, which are indicative of their anti-androgenic and α_1A-adrenergic receptor blocking activities, respectively.

Compound 9a reduced the prostate weight of rats (47%) and in pharmacokinetic analysis at 10 mg kg⁻¹ it demonstrated an MRT of ∼14 h post dose, exhibiting high levels in prostate. Compound 9a docked in a similar orientation to hydroxyflutamide on an androgen receptor and showed strong π–π interactions. These findings reveal that compound 9a is a promising candidate for management of prostatic disorders with anti-androgenic and α_1A-blocking activities.

1, 2-Bis(4-(4-4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (9a) To the mixture of 8a (0.3 g, 1.06 mmol) and Et3N (0.3 mL, 2.12 mmol) in CHCl3 (5 mL) was added 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine (7a, 0.320 g, 1.59 mmol) in 5 mL CHCl3 dropwise within 1 h. After complete addition reaction mixture was further stirred in an oil bath at 80-85 °C for 15 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, washed with water (5 mL × 3) and the organic layer was separated. Combined organic layer was dried (anhyd. Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure in rotavapor. The solid obtained was purified by recrystallization using EtOAc/Hexane which furnished yellow crystals (yield 81%);

mp: 156-157 °C; IR (KBr)  (cm-1): 3019, 2399, 1640, 1597, 1506, 1423, 1330;

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):  8.14-8.09 (4H, m), 6.84-6.81 (4H, m), 3.84-3.83 (4H, m), 3.49-3.44 (8H, m), 3.33 (2H, s), 2.72 (4H, t, J = 5.0 Hz);

13C NMR (75.4 MHz, CDCl3):  167.7, 154.7, 154.3, 138.8, 138.4, 125.9, 125.8, 112.9, 112.7, 60.8, 52.5, 46.9, 46.7, 44.6;

HRMS (ESI positive) m/z calcd. for C22H26N6O5 [M+H]+ : 455.2043, found: 455.2034;

Anal calcd. for C22H26N6O5: C, 58.14; H, 5.77; N, 18.49, found: C, 58.31; H, 5.92; N, 18.66.

SONAL GUPTA

Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram ext., Lucknow-226031, India

Dr. VISHNU LAL SHARMA

http://www.cdriindia.org/VL_Sharma.htm

Dr. VISHNU LAL SHARMA
	Senior Principal Scientist (CSIR-CDRI ) / Professor (AcSIR) Lab No. CSS-SF-201, Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow- 226031
Educational Qualifications M.Sc (Organic Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 1978) Ph.D. (Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 1985) Date of Birth February 7th, 1958 E- Mail vl_sharma@cdri.res.in, vlscdri@gmail.com Phone No. +91-0522-2772450/550, Ext. 4671. Mobile No. +91-9415074195 Fax No. +91-522-2771941 Research Experience (Area) Medicinal chemistry, Organic chemistry. Google Scholar https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=cAsQaiYAAAAJ&hl=en Research gate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vishnu_Sharma13
POST-DOCTORAL RESEARCH (ABROAD)
• University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany, Oct., 1994 to Dec., 1994
CURRENT AREAS OF INTEREST
• Medicinal Chemistry, Synthetic organic chemistry and Process chemistry. • The research focused in my group is related to design and synthesis of small molecule libraries of biomedical importance and development of new methodologies and process developments of candidate drugs.
From left to right upper row: Dr. S.T.V.S. Kiran Kumar, Dr. Lalit Kumar, Dr. V.L. Sharma, Dr. Nand Lal, Dr. Amit Sarswat Lower row: Dhanaraju Mandalapu, Sonal Gupta, Mrs. Tara Rawat (S.T.O.), Dr. Veenu bala, Dr. Santosh Jangir
THESIS SUPERVISED
• Seven (7) students for their Ph.D. • Twenty two (22) students for their Post Graduation degrees
FORMER Ph.D. STUDENTS
• Dr. S.T.V.S. Kiran Kumar, 2006,Research Scientist at University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia. • Dr. Lalit Kumar, 2011, KIMIA Biosciences Pvt.Ltd., Rajasthan, India . • Dr. Amit Sarswat, 2011, Postdoctoral Fellow, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. • Dr. Nand Lal, 2012, Scientist E1 at HLL-Lifecare Limited, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. • Dr. Santosh Jangir, 2014. • Dr. Veenu bala, 2014, Assistant Professor at Mohan Lal Sukhdia University, Rajasthan, India. • Ms. Sonal Gupta, 2015.
FORMER PROJECT ASSISTANTS
• Ms. Mala Singh (2014-2016)
PRESENT Ph.D. STUDENTS
• Mr. Dhanaraju Mandalapu (CSIR-SRF; 2012-present)
FORMER POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
• M. Jay Kothari (1997) • A.N. Misra (1997) • Ritu Chadda (1998) • Arun Kumar Misra (2000) • S.Nitya (2003) • Vishwanath Pratap Gupta (2004) • Divya (2006) • Charu Mahawar (2007) • Desh Deepak Pandey (2008) • Priyanka Pandey (2010) • Sumit Kumar (2010) • Sourabh Maheswari (2011) • Kartheek Nandikonda (2012) • Naveen Gupta (2012) • Pallavi Nayak (2012) • Neetika (2013) • Vikas Kumar (2013) • Neha Yadav (2013) • Subhadra Thakur (2014) • Jitendra Kumar (2015) • Suyash Tewari (2015) • Anjali Misra (2015)
MEMBERSHIP OF SOCIETES :
1. The Uttar Pradesh Association for Advancement of Science, Lucknow (India) 2. Indian Chemical Society (Calcutta) 3. Chemical Research Society of India, (Bangalore)
PROJECTS:
Reproductive Health Research: Male Reproductive Health and Contraception 1 Co – Principal Investigator: “Designed synthesis, evaluation and identification of novel, dually-effective spermicidal agents with anti-Trichomonal activity for ‘prophylactic’ contraception” (July 2014 – ongoing ), Funded by DHR, Indian council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi. 2 Co-Principal Investigator: “Preclinical development of S,S’-Disulfanediylbis(pyrrolidinopropane-2,1-diyl) bis (piperidinothiocarbamate) as a vaginal contraceptive” (July 2011 – June 2013), Funded by Indian council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi. 3 Principal Investigator: “Designed synthesis and biological evaluation of novel agents for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia” (November 2012 – October 2015), Funded by Indian council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi.
PUBLICATIONS & PATENTS-
Total number of peer reviewed publications- 69 (Sixty Nine ) Total number of patents: (1 World patent and 4 National patents) – 5 (Five) Citations to all publications: -Sum of times cited – 486, h-index- 12
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
• Dhanaraju Mandalapu, Deependra Kumar Singh, Sonal Gupta, Vishal M. Balaramnavar, Mohammad Shafiq, Dibyendu Banerjee, Vishnu Lal Sharma. Discovery of monocarbonyl curcumin hybrids as a novel class of human DNA ligase I inhibitors: in silico design, synthesis and biology. RSC Advances, 2016, 6, 26003. • Subhashis Pal, Kainat Khan, Shyamsundar Pal China, MonikaMittal, Konica porwal, Richa Shrivastava, Isha Taneja, Zakir Hossain, Dhanaraju Mandalapu, Jiaur R. Gayen, Muhammad Wahajuddin, Vishnu Lal Sharma, Arun K. Trivedi, Sabyasachi Sanyal, Smrati Bhadauria, Madan M. Godbole , Sushil K. Gupta, Naibedya Chattopadhyay. Theophylline, a methylxanthine drug induces osteopenia and alters calciotropic hormones and prophylactic vitamin D treatment protects against these changes in rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2016, 295, 12-25. • Bhavana Kushwaha, Dhanaraju Mandalapu, Veenu Bala, Lokesh Kumar, Aastha Pandey, Deepti Pandey, Santosh Kumar Yadav, Pratiksha Singh, P.K. Shukla, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Satya N. Sankhwar, Vishnu L. Sharma, Gopal Gupta. Ammonium salts of carbamodithioic acid as potent vaginal trichomonacides and fungicides. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2016, 47, 36-47. • Dhanaraju Mandalapu, Nand Lal, Lokesh Kumar, Bhavana Kushwaha, Sonal Gupta, Lalit Kumar, Veenu Bala, Santosh K. Yadav, Pratiksha Singh, Nidhi Singh, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Satya N. Sankhwar, Praveen K. Shukla, Imran Siddiqi, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu L. Sharma. Innovative Disulphide Esters of Dithiocarbamic acid as Women Controlled Contraceptive Microbicides: A Bioisosterism Approach. ChemMedChem, 2015, 10, 1739-1753. • Rachumallu Ramakrishna, Santosh kumar Puttrevu, Manisha Bhateria,Veenu Bala,Vishnu L. Sharma, Rabi Sankar Bhatta. Simultaneous determination of azilsartan and chlorthalidone in rat and human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandemmass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B, 2015,990, 185–197. • Hardik Chandasana, Yashpal S. Chhonkera, Veenu Bala, Yarra D. Prasad ,Telaprolu K. Chaitanya, Vishnu L. Sharma, Rabi S. Bhatta. Pharmacokinetic bioavailability, metabolism and plasma proteinbinding evaluation of NADPH-oxidase inhibitor apocynin using LC–MS/MS. Journal of Chromatography B, 2015, 985, 180–188. • Rajeev Kumar, Vikas Verma, Vikas Sharma, Ashish Jain, Vishal Singh, Amit Sarswat , Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Vishnu L. Sharma, Gopal Gupta. A precisely substituted benzopyran targets androgen refractory prostate cancer cells through selective modulation of estrogen receptors. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2015, 283, 187-197. • Nand Lal, Amit Sarswat, Lalit Kumar, Karthik Nandikonda, Santosh Jangir, Veenu Bala, Vishnu Lal Sharma. Synthesis of Dithiocarbamates Containing Disulfide Linkage Using Cyclic Trithiocarbonate and Amines under Solvent–Catalyst Free Condition. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2015, 52, 156-162. • Veenu Bala, Santosh Jangir, Dhanaraju Mandalapu, Sonal Gupta, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Nand Lal, Bhavana Kushwaha, Hardik Chandasana, Shagun Krishna, Kavita Rawat, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Rabi S. Bhatta, Mohammad I. Siddiqi,Rajkamal Tripathi, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu L. Sharma. Dithiocarbamate- Thiourea Hybrids Useful as Vaginal Microbicides Also Show Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition: Design, Synthesis, Docking and Pharmacokinetic studies. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2015, 25, 881-886. • Gopal Gupta, Santosh Jangir and Vishnu Lal Sharma. Targeting post-ejaculation sperm for value-added contraception. Current Molecular Pharmacology, 2014, 7, 167-174. • Veenu Bala, Santosh Jangir, Vikas Kumar, Dhanaraju Mandalapu, Sonal Gupta, Lalit Kumar, Bhavana Kushwaha, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Atul Krishna, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Praveen K. Shukla, Rabi S. Bhatta, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu L. Sharma. Design and synthesis of substituted morpholin/piperidin-1-yl-carbamodithioates as promising vaginal microbicides with spermicidal potential. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2014, 24, 5782-5786. • Veenu Bala, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu Lal Sharma. Chemical and Medicinal Versatility of Dithiocarbamates: An Overview. Mini Review Medicinal Chemistry, 2014, 14, 1021–1032. • Rakesh Kumar Asthana, Rasna Gupta, Nidhi Agrawal, Atul Srivastava, Upma Chaturvedi, Sanjeev Kanojiya, Ashok Kumar Khanna, Gitika Bhatia, Vishnu Lal Sharma. Evaluation of antidyslipidemic effect of mangiferin and amarogentin from swertia chirayita extract in hfd induced charles foster rat model and in vitroantioxidant activity and their docking studies. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2014, 5(9), 3734-3740. • Santosh Jangir, Veenu Bala, Nand Lal, Lalit Kumar, Amit Sarswat, Amit Kumar, Hamidullah, Karan S. Saini, Vikas Sharma, Vikas Verma, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Rituraj Konwar, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu L. Sharma. Novel alkylphospholipid-DTC hybrids as promising agents against endocrine related cancers acting via modulation of Akt-pathway. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014,85, 638-647. • Hardik Chandasana, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Veenu Bala, Yarra Durga Prasad,Vishnu L. Sharma, Rabi S. Bhatta. A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS analysis of diapocynin in rat plasma to investigate in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics.Analytical Methods 2014, 6, 7075-82. • Yashpal S. Chhonker, Hardik Chandasanaa, Veenu Bala, Lokesh Kumar,Vishnu Lal Sharma, Gopal Gupta, Rabi S. Bhatta. Quantitative determination of microbicidal spermicide ‘nonoxynol-9’ in rabbit plasma and vaginal fluid using LC–ESI–MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetic. Journal of Chromatography B, 2014, 965, 127–132. • Mittal M, Khan K, Pal S, Porwal K, China SP, Barbhuyan TK, Bhagel KS, Rawat T, Sanyal S, Bhaduria S, Sharma VL, Chattopadhyay N. The Thiocarbamate Disulphide Drug, Disulfiram Induces Osteopenia in Rats by Inhibition of Osteoblast Function Due to Suppression of Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity.Toxicological Sciences, 2014, 239, 257-270. • Santosh Jangir, Veenu Bala, Nand Lal, Lalit Kumar, Amit Sarswat, Lokesh Kumar, Bhavana Kushwaha, Pratiksha Singh, Praveen K. Shukla, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu L. Sharma. A unique dithiocarbamate chemistry during design & synthesis of novel sperm-immobilizing agents. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 2014, 12 , 3090-3099. • Amit Anthwal, U. Chinna Rajesh, M.S.M. Rawat, Bhavana Kushwaha, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Vishnu L. Sharma, Gopal Gupta, Diwan S. Rawat. Novel metronidazole-chalcone cojugates with potential to counter drug resistance inTrichomona vaginalis. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014, 79, 89-94. • Ashish Jain, Lokesh Kumar, Bhavana Kushwaha, Monika Sharma, Aastha Pandey, Vikas Verma, Vikas Sharma, Vishal Singh, Tara Rawat, Vishnu L. Sharma, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Gopal Gupta. Combining a synthetic spermicide with a natural trichomonacide for safe, prophylactic contraception. Human Reproduction, 2014, 29, 242-252. • Lalit Kumar, Nand Lal, Vikash Kumar, Amit Sarswat, Santosh Jangir, Veenu Bala, Lokesh Kumar, Bhavana Kushwaha, Atindra K. Pandey, Mohammad I. Siddiqi, Praveen K. Shukla, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu L. Sharma. Azole-carbodithioate hybrids as vaginal anti-Candida contraceptive agents: design, synthesis and docking studies. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2013,70, 68-77. • Monika Sharma, Lokesh Kumar, Ashish Jain, Vikas Verma, Vikas Sharma, Bhavna Kushwaha, Nand Lal, Lalit Kumar, Tara Rawat, AK Dwivedi, JP Maikhuri, VL Sharma, Gopal Gupta. Designed chemical intervention with thiols for prophylactic contraception. PLOS-One, 2013, 8 (6), page 67365. • Lalit Kumar, Ashish Jain, Nand Lal, Amit Sarswat, Santosh Jangir, Lokesh Kumar, Priyanka Shah, Swatantra K. Jain, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Mohammad I. Siddiqi, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu L. Sharma. Potentiating metronidazole scaffold against resistant trichomonas: Design, synthesis, biology and 3D–QSAR analysis. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2012, 3 (2), 83-87. • Kumar R, Verma V, Sarswat A, Maikhuri JP, Jain A, Jain RK, Sharma VL, Dalela D, Gupta G. Selective estrogen receptor modulators regulate stromal proliferation in human benign prostatic hyperplasia by multiple beneficial mechanisms-action of two new agents. Investigational New Drugs, 2012, 30, 582-593. • Ashish Jain, Nand Lal, Lokesh Kumar, Vikas Verma, Rajiv Kumar, Lalit Kumar, Vishal Singh, Raghav K. Mishra, Amit Sarswat, S. K. Jain, J. P. Maikhuri, V. L. Sharma, Gopal Gupta. Novel trichomonacidal spermicides. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2011, 55 (9), 4343-4351. • Nand Lal, Lalit Kumar, Amit Sarswat, Santosh Jangir, Vishnu Lal Sharma. Synthesis of S-(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiolan-4-yl)methyl-dialkylcarbamothioate and S-thiiran-2-ylmethyl-dialkylcarbamothioate via Intermolecular O−S Rearrangement in Water. Organic Letters, 2011, 13 (9), 2330-2333. • Amit Sarswat, Rajeev Kumar, Lalit Kumar, Nand Lal, Smiriti Sharma, Yenamandra S. Prabhakar, Shailendra K. Pandey, Jawahar Lal, Vikas Verma, Ashish Jain, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Diwakar Dalela, Kirti, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu L. Sharma. Arylpiperazines for Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Design, Synthesis, Quantative Structure – Activity Relationships, and Parmacokinetic Studies. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 54 (1), 302-311. • Lalit Kumar, Amit Sarswat, Nand Lal, Ashish Jain, Sumit Kumar, S.T.V.S. Kiran Kumar, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Atindra K. Pandey, Praveen K. Shukla, Gopal Gupta, Vishnu L. Sharma. Design and Synthesis of 3-(azol-1-yl)phenylprapanes as spermicide for prophylactic contraception . Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011, 21(1), 176-181.
LIST OF PATENTS
1 Kalpana Bhandari, V.L. Sharma and S. Ray. “An improved process for the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted-1,5-dihydro-2H-3-pyrrolin-2-one” Indian PatentAppl. 323/Del/01 dt 23.3.2001. 2 A.K.Dwivedi, V.L.Sharma, N.Kumaria, Kiran Kumar, G.Gupta, J.P.Maikhuri, J.D.Dhar, Pradeep Kumar, A.H.Ansari, P.K.Shukla, M.Kumar, Raja Roy , K.P.Madhusudanan, R.C.Gupta, Pratima Srivastava, R.Pal, and S.Singh. “Novel spermicidal and antifungal agents” Indian Patent 245815 dt 25.01.2011 ; Appl. No.1792/Del/04 dt 22.09.2004. 3 Vishanu Lal Sharma, Nand Lal, Amit Sarswat, Santosh Jangir, Veenu Bala, Lalit Kumar, Tara Rawat, Ashish Jain, Lokesh Kumar, Jagdamba Prasad Maikhuri, Gopal Gupta. “ Carbodithioates and process for preparation thereof ” NF No. 0030/NF2013/IN, Indian Patent Appl. no.0373/DEL/2013 dated 08.02.2013. 4 Vishanu Lal Sharma, Nand Lal, Amit Sarswat, Santosh Jangir, Veenu Bala, Lalit Kumar, Tara Rawat, Ashish Jain, Lokesh Kumar, Jagdamba Prasad Maikhuri, Gopal Gupta, “ Carbodithioates with spermicidal activity and process for preparation thereof ” PCT Patent no. WO 2014122670 August 14, 2014. 5 Dhanaraju Mandalapu, Rajesh K. Arigela, Tara Rawat, and Vishnu L. Sharma, “An Improved Process For Preparation Of 4-Substituted amino-2,3-polymethylenequinoline hydrochloride ” Indian Patent IN 201611003055 dated: 28.01.2016.

From left to right upper row: Dr. S.T.V.S. Kiran Kumar, Dr. Lalit Kumar, Dr. V.L. Sharma, Dr. Nand Lal, Dr. Amit Sarswat
Lower row: Dhanaraju Mandalapu, Sonal Gupta, Mrs. Tara Rawat (S.T.O.), Dr. Veenu bala, Dr. Santosh Jangir

///////////aryl piperazine, androgen sensitive prostatic disorders, 330633-91-5, CDRI-?

c1(ccc(cc1)[N+]([O-])=O)N2CCN(CC2)C(=O)CN3CCN(CC3)c4ccc(cc4)[N+]([O-])=O

DDD 107498, DDD 498

PATENT WO 2013153357,  US2015045354

6-Fluoro-2-[4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl]-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)quinoline-4-carboxamide

6-Fluoro-2-[4-(4-morpholinylmethyl)phenyl]-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-4-quinolinecarboxamide

4-Quinolinecarboxamide, 6-fluoro-2-[4-(4-morpholinylmethyl)phenyl]-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-

CAS 1469439-69-7

CAS 1469439-71-1 SUCCINATE

6-fluoro-2-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)quinoline-4-carboxamide

• Originator Medicines for Malaria Venture; University of Dundee
• Class Small molecules
• Mechanism of Action Protein synthesis inhibitors

Highest Development Phases

• No development reported Malaria

Most Recent Events

• 16 Jul 2016 No recent reports of development identified for preclinical development in Malaria in United Kingdom
• 01 Apr 2015 DDD 498 licensed to Merck Serono worldwide for the treatment of Malaria

Prof Ian Gilbert:

Head of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery

BCDD, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1382-386240

DDD498

Scots scientists in ‘single dose’ malaria treatment breakthrough

Scientists have discovered an antimalarial compound that could treat malaria patients in a single dose and help prevent the spread of the disease from infected people.

The compound DDD107498 also has the potential to treat patients with malaria parasites resistant to current medications, researchers say.

Scientists hope it could lead to treatments and protection against the disease, which claimed almost 600,000 lives amid 200 million reported cases in 2013.

The compound was identified through a collaboration between the University of Dundee’s drug discovery unit (DDU) and the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), a separate organisation.

The compound is now undergoing further safety testing with a view to entering human clinical trials within the next year.

Details of the discovery have been published in the journal Nature.

Professor Ian Gilbert, head of chemistry at the DDU, who led the team that discovered the compound, said: “The publication describes the discovery and profiling of this exciting new compound.

“It reveals that DDD107498 has the potential to treat malaria with a single dose, prevent the spread of malaria from infected people and protect a person from developing the disease in the first place.

“There is still some way to go before the compound can be given to patients. However, we are very excited by the progress that we have made.”

The World Health Organisation reports that there were 200 million clinical cases of malaria in 2013, with 584,000 people dying from the disease. Most of these deaths were children under the age of five and pregnant women.

MMV chief executive officer Dr David Reddy said: “Malaria continues to threaten almost half of the world’s population – the half that can least afford it.

“DDD107498 is an exciting compound since it holds the promise to not only treat but also protect these vulnerable populations.

“The collaboration to identify and progress the compound, led by the drug discovery unit at the University of Dundee, drew on MMV’s network of scientists from Melbourne to San Diego.”The publication of the research is an important step and a clear testament to the power of partnership.”

MMV selected DDD107498 to enter preclinical development in October 2013 following the recommendation of its expert scientific advisory committee.

Since then, with MMV’s leadership, large quantities of the compound have been produced and it is undergoing further safety testing with a view to entering human clinical trials within the next year.

Merck Serono has recently obtained the right to develop and, if successful, commercialise the compound, with the input of MMV’s expertise in the field of malaria drug development and access and delivery in malaria-endemic countries.

Dr Michael Chew from the Wellcome Trust, which provides funding for the DDU and MMV, said: “The need for new antimalarial drugs is more urgent than ever before, with emerging strains of the parasite now showing resistance against the best available drugs.

“These strains are already present at the Myanmar-Indian border and it’s a race against time to stop resistance spreading to the most vulnerable populations in Africa.

“The discovery of this new antimalarial agent, which has shown remarkable potency against multiple stages of the malaria lifecycle, is an exciting prospect in the hunt for viable new treatments.”

PAPER

Discovery of a Quinoline-4-carboxamide Derivative with a Novel Mechanism of Action, Multistage Antimalarial Activity, and Potent in Vivo Efficacy

SCHEME 1

SCHEME 2

Preparation 4Yield: 54% Preparation 3

Yield: 27%

SCHEME 4 B

Yield: 72% Yield: 70% Preparation 6

Example 1 : 6-Fluoro-2-r4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyll-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)quinoline- 4-carboxamide, Example compound 1 in Scheme 2

In a sealed microwave tube, a suspension of 2-chloro-6-fluoro-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1- ylethyl)quinoline-4-carboxamide (preparation 4) (2.00 g, 6 mmol), [4- (morpholinomethyl)phenyl]boronic acid, hydrochloride, available from UORSY, (3.20 g, 12 mmol), potassium phosphate (2.63 g, 12 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (0.21 g, 0.19 mmol) in DMF/Water 3/1 (40 ml) was heated at 130°C under microwave irradiation for 30 min. The reaction was filtered through Celite™ and solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was taken up in DCM (150 ml) and washed twice with NaHC0₃ saturated aqueous solution (2 x 100 ml). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgS0₄and concentrate to dryness under reduced pressure. The reaction crude was purified by flash column chromatography using an 80 g silica gel cartridge and eluting with DCM (Solvent A) and MeOH (Solvent B) and the following gradient: 1 min hold 100% A, followed by a 30 min ramp to 10 % B, and then 15 min hold at 10% B. The fractions containing product were pooled together and concentrated to dryness under vacuum to obtain the desired product as an off-white solid (1 g). The product was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and 3-mercaptopropyl ethyl sulfide Silica (Phosphonics, SPM-32, 60- 200 uM) was added. The suspension was stirred at room temperature over for 2 days and then at 50°C for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature, the scavenger was filtered off and washed with methanol (30 ml). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the product was further purified by preparative HPLC. The fractions containing product were pooled together and freeze dried to obtain the desired product as a white solid (0.6 g, 1.3 mmol, Yield 20%).

¹ H NMR (500 MHz; CDCI₃) δ 1.81-1.84 (m, 4H), 2.50-2.52 (m, 4H), 2.63 (brs, 4H), 2.82 (t, 2H, J = 5.9 Hz), 3.61 (s, 2H), 3.71 (dd, 2H, J = 5.4 Hz, J = 1 1.4 Hz), 3.74-3.76 (m, 4H), 6.84 (brs, 1 H), 7.52-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.97-8.00 (m, 2H), 8.13 (d, 2H, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.21 (dd, 1 H, J = 5.5 Hz, J = 9.2 Hz) ppm . ¹⁹ F NMR (407.5 MHz; CDCI₃) δ -11 1.47 ppm. Purity by LCMS (UV Chromatogram, 190-450nm) 99 %, rt = 5.7 min, m/z 463 (M+H)⁺ HRMS (ES+) found 463.2501 [M+H]⁺, C27H32F1 N402 requires 463.2504.

Example 2: 6-Fluoro-2-[4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl1-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)quinoline- 4-carboxamide; fumaric acid salt, compound (IB) in Scheme 2

The starting free base (example 1) (0.58 g, 1 mmol) was dissolved in dry ethanol (10 ml) and added dropwise to a stirred solution of fumaric acid (0.15 g, 1 mmol) in dry ethanol (9 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The white precipitate was filtered, washed with ethanol (20 ml) and then dissolved in 10 ml of water and freeze dried to obtain the desired salt as a white solid (0.601 g, 1 mmol, Yield 82%).

1 H NMR (500 MHz; d6-DMSO) δ 1.83-1.86 (m, 4H), 2.41 (brs, 4H), 2.94 (brs, 4H), 3.03 (t, 2H, J = 6.2 Hz), 3.57 (s, 2H), 3.60-3.65 (m, 6H), 6.47 (s, 2H), 7.51 (d, 2H, J = 8.25), 7.74-7.78 (m, 1 H), 8.06 (dd, 1 H, J = 2.9 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz), 8.17 (dd, 1 H, J = 5.7 Hz, J = 9.3 Hz), 8.24-8.26 (m, 3H), 9.24 (t, 1 H, J = 5.5 Hz) ppm. ¹⁹ F NMR (407.5 MHz; d6- DMSO) δ -112.30 ppm.

Purity by LCMS (UV Chromatogram, 190-450nm) 99 %, rt = 5.3 min, m/z 463 (M+H)⁺

Example 1A: Alternative synthesis of 6-fluoro-2-[4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl1-N-(2- pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)quinoline-4-carboxamide, Example compound 1A in Scheme 4

To a stirred suspension of 6-fluoro-2-[4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl]quinoline-4-carboxylic acid (preparation 7) (2.20 g, 6 mmol) in DCM (100 ml) at room temperature, 2-chloro- 4,6-dimethoxy-1 ,3,5-triazine (CDMT) (1.26 g, 7 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine (NMO) (1.33 ml, 12 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethanamine (0.77 ml, 6 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for further 3 h. The reaction mixture was washed with NaHC0₃ saturated aqueous solution (2x 100 ml) and the organic phase was separated, dried over MgS0₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was absorbed on silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography using an 80 g silica gel cartridge and eluting with DCM (Solvent A) and MeOH (Solvent B) and the following gradient: 2 min hold 100% A followed by a 30 min ramp to 10 %B and then 15 min hold at 10%B. The desired fractions were concentrated to dryness under vacuum to obtain the crude product as a yellow solid (95% purity by LCMS). The sample was further purified by a second column chromatography using a 40 g silica gel cartridge, eluting with DCM (Solvent A) and 10% NH₃-MeOH in DCM (Solvent B) and the following gradient: 2 min hold 100% A, followed by a 10 min ramp to 23 % B and then 15 min hold at 23% B. The desired fractions were concentrated to dryness under vacuum to obtain product as a white solid (1 g). Re-crystallisation form acetonitrile (18 ml) yielded the title compound as a white solid (625 mg, 1.24 mmol, 20%).

¹ H NMR (500 MHz; CDCI₃) δ 1.81-1.84 (m, 4H), 2.50-2.52 (m, 4H), 2.63 (brs, 4H), 2.82 (t, 2H, J = 5.9 Hz), 3.61 (s, 2H), 3.71 (dd, 2H, J = 5.4 Hz, J = 1 1.4 Hz), 3.74-3.76 (m, 4H), 6.84 (brs, 1 H), 7.52-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.97-8.00 (m, 2H), 8.13 (d, 2H, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.21 (dd, 1 H, J = 5.5 Hz, J = 9.2 Hz) ppm .

¹ H NMR (500 MHz; d6-DMSO) δ 1.72-1.75 (m, 4H), 2.41 (brs, 4H), 2.56 (brs, 4H), 2.67 (t, 2H, J = 6.6 Hz), 3.49-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 3.60-3.61 (m, 4H), 7.52 (d, 2H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.73-7.77 (m, 1 H), 8.07 (dd, 1 H, J = 2.9 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz), 8.18-8.21 (m, 2H), 8.26 (d, 2H , J = 8.3 Hz), 8.85 (t, 1 H, J = 6.6 Hz) ppm.

¹³C NMR (125 MHz; d⁶-DMS0₃) 5 23.2, 38.4, 53.2, 53.5, 54.5, 62.1 , 66.2, 109.0, 109.1 , 1 17.3, 120.1 , 120.3, 124.1 , 124.2, 127.1 , 129.4, 132.2, 132.3, 136.8, 139.9, 142.8, 145.2, 155.3, 159.0, 161 .0, 166.1 ppm.

¹⁹ F NM R (500 MHz; d⁶-DMSO) δ -1 12.47 ppm.

Purity by LCMS (UV Chromatogram, 190-450nm) 99 %, rt = 5.0 min, m/z 463 (M+H)⁺

Putting a stop to malaria: Phenotypic screening against malaria parasites, hit identification, and efficient lead optimization have delivered the preclinical candidate antimalarial DDD107498. This molecule is distinctive in that it has potential for use as a single-dose cure for malaria and shows a unique broad spectrum of activity against the liver, blood, and mosquito stages of the parasite life cycle.

 

Professor Ian Gilbert FRSC

Design and synthesis of potential therapeutic agents

Position:

Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Head of the Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery

Affiliation:

Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery

Address:

College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee

Full Telephone:

+44 (0) 1382 386240, int ext 86240

Email:

i.h.gilbert@dundee.ac.uk

Website:

Gilbert Lab Group

Medicinal Chemistry

I am a medicinal chemist and my research interests are in the design and synthesis of potential drugs. The mainstay of my work is synthetic medicinal chemistry as part of the Drug Discovery Unit (DDU). Where possible we make extensive use of molecular modeling to guide our synthetic efforts. I have a particular interests in the following aspects of drug discovery:

Neglected diseases such as human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and malaria.
Chemical validation of drug targets, including novel targets for which there is little or no precedence for drug discovery.
Novel approaches to and paradigms for drug discovery.
Mode of action studies and target identification.

I am Head of Chemistry in the DDU. Our main focuses are on neglected diseases and novel drug targets. The neglected diseases we are tackling are malaria, tuberculosis and the kinetoplastid diseases. We use both target-based approaches and phenotypic approaches (whole parasite screening). We have had particular success in validating the enzyme N-myristoyltransferase as a drug target in human African trypanosomiasis, and in identifying and optimising phenotypic hits. In our novel targets area, we aim to validate novel areas of biology as potential drug targets.

Dr Neil Norcross

Position:

Medicinal Chemist

Affiliation:

Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery

Address:

College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee

Full Telephone:

(0) , int ext

Email:

n.norcross@dundee.ac.uk

///////////DDD107498, DDD 107498, PRECLINICAL, DUNDEE, MALARIA, DDD 498, Achim Porzelle, Ian Gilbert, MERCK SERENO, Beatriz Baragaña, Medicines for Malaria Venture,  University of Dundee, Neil Norcross, 1469439-69-7, 1469439-71-1 , SUCCINATE

Fc1ccc2nc(cc(c2c1)C(=O)NCCN1CCCC1)-c1ccc(cc1)CN1CCOCC1

PF-04745637

cas 1917294-46-2

MW 509.00, MF C₂₇ H₃₂ Cl F₃ N₂ O₂

Cyclopentanecarboxamide, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[2-[4-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-phenylpropyl]-

rac-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-f2-r4-hvdroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-vn-3-phenylpropyDcyclopentanecarboxamide

. Please note PF-6667294 is Compound 4 and PF-4746537 is Compound 8.

A series of potent and selective carboxamide TRPA1 antagonists were identified by a high throughput screen. Structure–activity relationship studies around this series are described, resulting in a highly potent example of the series. Pharmacokinetic and skin flux data are presented for this compound. Efficacy was observed in a topical cinnamaldehyde flare study, providing a topical proof of pharmacology for this mechanism. These data suggest TRPA1 antagonism could be a viable mechanism to treat topical conditions such as atopic dermatitis.

 

Discovery and development of TRPV1 antagonists

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_TRPV1_antagonists

/////////////PF-04745637, PF 04745637, PF04745637, PFIZER, PRECLINICAL, TRPV1 antagonists,  atopic dermatitis, 1917294-46-2

c1(ccccc1)CC(CNC(=O)C3(c2ccc(cc2)Cl)CCCC3)N4CCC(CC4)(O)C(F)(F)F

IPI-549

CAS 1693758-51-8
MF : C30H24N8O2
Molecular Weight: 528.576

(S)-2-amino-N-(1-(8-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethynyl)-1-oxo-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-3-yl)ethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

2-amino-N-[(1S)-1-[8-[2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)ethynyl]-1-oxo-2-phenylisoquinolin-3-yl]ethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

• Originator Intellikine
• Developer Infinity Pharmaceuticals
• ClassAntineoplastics; Small molecules
• Mechanism of ActionPhosphatidylinositol 3 kinase delta inhibitors; Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase gamma inhibitors

• Phase I Solid tumours

Most Recent Events

• 18 Apr 2016 Pharmacodynamics data from a preclinical study in Solid tumours presented at the 107^th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR-2016)
• 01 Dec 2015 Phase-I clinical trials in Solid tumours (Monotherapy, Combination therapy, Late-stage disease, Second-line therapy or greater) in USA (PO)

IPI-549 is a potent and selective phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3Kγ) Inhibitor as an Immuno-Oncology Clinical Candidate (Kd = 0.29 nM). Bioactivity data of IPI-549: biochemcial IC50 (nM) for PI3K isoform: 3200 (α); 3500 (β); 16 (γ); and >8400 (δ) respectively. Cellar IC50 (nM) of IPI549 for PI3K isoform: 250 (α); 240 (β); 1.6 (γ); and 180 (δ) respectively. IPI-549 shows >100-fold selectivity over other lipid and protein kinases. IPI-549 demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetic properties and robust inhibition of PI3K-γ mediated neutrophil migration in vivo and is currently in Phase 1 clinical evaluation in subjects with advanced solid tumors.

Patent

WO 2015051244

https://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2015051244A1?cl=en

Scheme 1

Scheme 2

Example 1

[00657] Compound 4 was prepared in 3 steps from compound A according to the following procedures:

Compound A was prepared according to Method A. It was coupled to 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid according to the following procedure: Compound A (27.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv), HOBt hydrate (1.2 equiv), 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (1.05 equiv) and

EDC (1.25 equiv) were added to a 200 mL round bottomed flask with a stir bar. N,N-Dimethylformamide (50 mL) was added and the suspension was stirred at RT for 2 min. Hunig’s base (4.0 equiv) was added and after which the suspension became homogeneous and was stirred for 22h resulting in the formation of a solid cake in the reaction flask. The solid mixture was added to water (600 mL) and stirred for 3h. The resulting cream colored solid was filtered and washed with water (2 x 100 mL) and dried. The solid was then dissolved in methylene chloride (40 mL) after which trifluoroacetic acid (10 equiv, 20 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred for 30 min at RT after which there is no more starting material by LC/MS analysis. The solution was then concentrated and coevaporated with a mixture of methylene choride/ethanol (1 : 1 v/v) and then dried under high vacuum overnight. The resulting solid was triturated with 60 mL of ethanol for lh and then collected via vacuum filtration. The beige solid was then neutralized with sodium carbonate solution (100 mL) and then transferred to a separatory funnel with methylene chloride (350 mL). The water layer was extracted with an additional 100 mL of methylene chloride. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to provide a pale yellow solid that was purified using flash silica gel chromatography (Combiflash, 24g column, gradient of 0-5% methanol/methylene chloride) to provide amide B. ESI-MS m/z: 459.4 [M+H]+.

[00658] Amide B was placed in a sealed tube (0.67 mmol, 1.0 equiv) followed by dichlorobis(acetonitrile)palladium (15 mol%), X-Phos (45 mol%), and cesium carbonate (3.0 equiv) Propionitrile (5 mL) was added and the mixture was bubbled with Ar for 1 min. 4-Ethynyl-l -methyl- lH-pyrazole (1.24 equiv) was added and the resulting orange mixture was sealed and stirred in an oil bath at 85 oC for 1.5h. The resulting brownish-black mixture was allowed to cool at which point there was no more SM by LC/MS analysis. The mixture was then filtered through a short plug of cotton using acetonitrile and methylene chloride. The combined filtrates were concentrated onto silica gel and purified using flash silica gel chromatography (Combiflash, 4g column, gradient of 0-5% methylene chloride/methanol). The resulting material was further purified by reverse phase HPLC (15-90%o acetonitrile with 0.1%o formic acid/water with 0.1%o formic water) to provide desired compound 4. ESI-MS m/z: 529.5 [M+H]+.

PAPER

WO 2015143012

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2015143012A1?cl=en

PAPER

IPI-549 NMR 1H

IPI-549 13C NMR

IPI-549 ASSAY

Compound 1 is coupled to 4-ethynyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole using the general procedure outlined above to provide compound 26 IPI-549, in 70% yield with >98% enantiomeric purity.

IPI-549

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.92 (dd, J = 6.8, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.55 (dd, J = 4.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.69 – 7.54 (m, 5H), 7.53 – 7.43 (m, 3H), 7.41 – 7.35 (m, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J = 6.7, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 4.56 (quin, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H).), 3.82 (s, 3H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H).

13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 162.73, 161.19, 160.93, 150.06, 147.51, 146.74, 141.05, 138.09, 137.81, 135.42, 133.66, 132.56, 131.90, 129.51, 129.24, 129.20, 129.17, 128.50, 126.16, 123.41, 123.31, 107.88, 102.44, 101.15, 90.40, 87.06, 85.94, 44.88, 38.62, 20.69.

ESI-HRMS: calcd for 529.2095 C30H25N8O2 (M+H)+ , found 529.2148.

[]D 22: +447.8o (c 1.007, DMSO)

COMPD1

compound 1 in 95% yield.

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8.41 (dd, J = 6.8, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (dd, J = 4.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.34 (m, 5H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.76 (dd, J = 7.1, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 5.54 (broad s, 2H), 4.79 (quin, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.36 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 3H);

ESI-HRMS: calcd for C24H20ClN6O2 459.1331 (M+H)+ , found 459.1386. HPLC Purity: 96% AUC.

Optimization of isoquinolinone PI3K inhibitors led to the discovery of a potent inhibitor of PI3K-γ (26 or IPI-549) with >100-fold selectivity over other lipid and protein kinases. IPI-549 demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetic properties and robust inhibition of PI3K-γ mediated neutrophil migration in vivo and is currently in Phase 1 clinical evaluation in subjects with advanced solid tumors.

Discovery of a Selective Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase (PI3K)-γ Inhibitor (IPI-549) as an Immuno-Oncology Clinical Candidate

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00238

CLIP

Infinity Expands Pipeline with Addition of IPI-549, an Immuno-Oncology Development Candidate for the Treatment of Solid Tumors

Clip

REFERENCES

Discovery of a Selective Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase (PI3K)-γ Inhibitor (IPI-549) as an Immuno-Oncology Clinical Candidate
Catherine A. Evans, Tao Liu, André Lescarbeau, Somarajan J. Nair, Louis Grenier, Johan A. Pradeilles, Quentin Glenadel, Thomas Tibbitts, Ann M. Rowley, Jonathan P. DiNitto, Erin E. Brophy, Erin L. O’Hearn, Janid A. Ali, David G. Winkler, Stanley I. Goldstein, Patrick O’Hearn, Christian M. Martin, Jennifer G. Hoyt, John R. Soglia, Culver Cheung, Melissa M. Pink, Jennifer L. Proctor, Vito J. Palombella, Martin R. Tremblay, and Alfredo C. Castro
Publication Date (Web): July 22, 2016 (Letter)
DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00238

///////immuno-oncology,  IPI-549,  isoform selectivity,  neutrophil migration,  phosphoinositide-3-kinase,  PI3K-gamma inhibitor, IPI 549,  IPI549. PRECLINICAL

O=C1N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C([C@@H](NC(C3=C(N=CC=C4)N4N=C3N)=O)C)=CC5=CC=CC(C#CC6=CN(C)N=C6)=C51

(3S)-3-[(2-amino-5-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)amino]heptan-1-ol

for the treatment of viral infections

To the use of pyrimidine derivatives in the treatment of viral infections, immune or inflammatory disorders, whereby the modulation, or agonism, of toll-like-receptors (TLRs) is involved. Toll-Like Receptors are primary transmembrane proteins characterized by an extracellular leucine rich domain and a cytoplasmic extension that contains a conserved region. The innate immune system can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns via these TLRs expressed on the cell surface of certain types of immune cells. Recognition of foreign pathogens activates the production of cytokines and upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules on phagocytes. This leads to the modulation of T cell behaviour.

It has been estimated that most mammalian species have between ten and fifteen types of Toll-like receptors. Thirteen TLRs (named TLR1 to TLR13) have been identified in humans and mice together, and equivalent forms of many of these have been found in other mammalian species. However, equivalents of certain TLR found in humans are not present in all mammals. For example, a gene coding for a protein analogous to TLR10 in humans is present in mice, but appears to have been damaged at some point in the past by a retrovirus. On the other hand, mice express TLRs 11, 12, and 13, none of which are represented in humans. Other mammals may express TLRs which are not found in humans. Other non-mammalian species may have TLRs distinct from mammals, as demonstrated by TLR14, which is found in the Takifugu pufferfish. This may complicate the process of using experimental animals as models of human innate immunity.

For detailed reviews on toll-like receptors see the following journal articles. Hoffmann, J. A., Nature, 426, p 33-38, 2003; Akira, S., Takeda, K., and Kaisho, T., Annual Rev. Immunology, 21, p 335-376, 2003; Ulevitch, R. J., Nature Reviews: Immunology, 4, p 512-520, 2004.

Compounds indicating activity on Toll-Like receptors have been previously described such as purine derivatives in WO 2006/117670, adenine derivatives in WO 98/01448 and WO 99/28321, and pyrimidines in WO 2009/067081. However, there exists a strong need for novel Toll-Like receptor modulators having preferred selectivity, higher potency, higher metabolic stability, and an improved safety profile compared to the compounds of the prior art.

In the treatment of certain viral infections, regular injections of interferon (IFNα) can be administered, as is the case for hepatitis C virus (HCV), (Fried et. al. Peginterferon-alfa plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection, N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 975-82). Orally available small molecule IFN inducers offer the potential advantages of reduced immunogenicity and convenience of administration. Thus, novel IFN inducers are potentially effective new class of drugs for treating virus infections. For an example in the literature of a small molecule IFN inducer having antiviral effect see De Clercq, E.; Descamps, J.; De Somer, P. Science 1978, 200, 563-565.

IFNα is also given in combination with other drugs in the treatment of certain types of cancer (Eur. J. Cancer 46, 2849-57, and Cancer Res. 1992, 52, 1056). TLR 7/8 agonists are also of interest as vaccine adjuvants because of their ability to induce pronounced Th1 response (Hum. Vaccines 2010, 6, 1-14; Hum. Vaccines 2009, 5, 381-394).

50d

Paper

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 agonists can potentially be used in the treatment of viral infections and are particularly promising for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. An internal screening effort identified a pyrimidine Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 dual agonist. This provided a novel alternative over the previously reported adenine and pteridone type of agonists. Structure–activity relationship, lead optimization, in silico docking, pharmacokinetics, and demonstration of ex vivo and in vivo cytokine production of the lead compound are presented.

Novel Pyrimidine Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8 Dual Agonists to Treat Hepatitis B Virus

///////////////  treatment of viral infections, Pyrimidine Toll-like Receptor 7,  Toll-like Receptor 8 Dual Agonists, Treat Hepatitis B Virus, PRECLINICAL

n1c(nc(c(c1)OC)N[C@@H](CCCC)CCO)N

JNJ 54166060

JNJ-54166060; JNJ 54166060; JNJ54166060.

(R)-(2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)methanone

[2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-[(4R)-1-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl]methanone

CAS 1627900-42-8
Chemical Formula: C20H15ClF4N4O
Exact Mass: 438.0871

JNJ-54166060 is a potent P2X7 antagonist. Bioactivity data of JNJ-54166060: rP2X7 IC50=4 nM; rP2X7 IC50=115nM; HLM/RLM = 0.35/0.64, ED50 = 2.3 mg/kg in rats. JNJ-54166060 shows high oral bioavailability and low-moderate clearance in preclinical species, acceptable safety margins in rats, and a predicted human dose of 120 mg of QD. Additionally, JNJ-54166060 possesses a unique CYP profile and was found to be a regioselective inhibitor of midazolam CYP3A metabolism.

The P2X7 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel and is present on a variety of cell types, largely those known to be involved in the inflammatory and/ or immune process, specifically, macrophages and monocytes in the periphery and predominantly in glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) of the CNS. (Duan and Neary, Glia 2006, 54, 738-746; Skaper et al., FASEB J 2009, 24, 337-345;

Surprenant and North, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2009, 71, 333-359). Activation of the P2X7 receptor by extracellular nucleotides, in particular adenosine triphosphate, leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 β and IL-18 (Muller, et. Al. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 201 1 , 44, 456-464), giant cell formation

(macrophages/ microglial cells), degranulation (mast cells) and L-selectin shedding (lymphocytes) (Ferrari et al., J. Immunol. 2006, 176, 3877-3883; Surprenant and North, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2009, 71, 333-359). P2X7 receptors are also located on antigen-presenting cells (keratinocytes, salivary acinar cells (parotid cells)), hepatocytes, erythrocytes, erythroleukaemic cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, bone marrow cells, neurones, and renal mesangial cells.

The importance of P2X7 in the nervous system arises primarily from experiments using P2X7 knock out mice. These mice demonstrate the role of P2X7 in the development and maintenance of pain as these mice were protected from the development of both adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain and partial nerve ligation induced neuropathic pain (Chessell et al., Pain 2005, 114, 386-396). In addition P2X7 knock out mice also exhibit an anti-depressant phenotype based on reduced immobility in forced swim and tail suspension tests (Basso et al., Behav. Brain Res. 2009, 798, 83-90.). Moreover, the P2X7 pathway is linked to the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1 β, which has been linked to precipitation of mood disorders in humans (Dantzer, Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am. 2009, 29, 247-264; Capuron and Miller, Pharmacol. Ther. 201 1 , 730, 226-238). In addition, in murine models of Alzheimer’s disease, P2X7 was upregulated around amyloid plaques indicating a role of this target in such pathology as well (Parvathenani et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 13309-13317).

In view of the clinical importance of P2X7, the identification of compounds that modulate P2X7 receptor function represents an attractive avenue into the development of new therapeutic agents. Such compounds are provided herein.

PAPER

Identification of (R)-(2-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methanone (JNJ 54166060), a Small Molecule Antagonist of the P2X7 receptor

The synthesis and SAR of a series of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine P2X7 antagonists are described. Addressing P2X7 affinity and liver microsomal stability issues encountered with this template afforded methyl substituted 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines ultimately leading to the identification of 1 (JNJ 54166060). 1 is a potent P2X7 antagonist with an ED₅₀ = 2.3 mg/kg in rats, high oral bioavailability and low-moderate clearance in preclinical species, acceptable safety margins in rats, and a predicted human dose of 120 mg of QD. Additionally, 1 possesses a unique CYP profile and was found to be a regioselective inhibitor of midazolam CYP3A metabolism.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2014152604A1?cl=en

Example 40. (R* -(2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl phenyl (l-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl -4-methyl- -dihydro-lH-imidazor4,5-c1pyridin-5(^‘4H -yl methanone.

The title compound, absolute configuration unknown, was obtained as a single enantiomer by Chiral SFC purification of Example 11 performed using CHIRALCEL OD-H (5μιη, 250x20mm) and a mobile phase of 70% CO2, 30% EtOH. The enantiomeric purity was confirmed by analytical SFC using a CHIRALCEL OD-H (250×4.6mm) and a mobile phase of 70% CO2, 30% EtOH over 7 minutes. (100% single enantiomer, 2.29 min retention time). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C2oH₁₅ClF₄N₄0, 438.1; m/z found, 439.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 11. (2-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(l-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-methyl-6,7- dihvdro-lH-imidazor4,5-c1pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methanone.

Step A. (2-Chloro-3 -(trifluoromethyl)phenylX 1 -(5 -fluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-methyl- 1 H- imidazor4.5-c1pyridin-5(^‘4H)-yl)methanone.

To a solution of Intermediate 1 (0.70 g, 3.27 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added

Intermediate 12 (0.87 g, 3.60 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was allowed to stir for 1 h then cooled to – 78 °C. To the cooled solution was added 3M MeMgBr in Et₂0 (1.31 mL, 3.92 mmoL) and the reaction was let come to room temperature. The mixture was then quenched with IN NaOH (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried (Na₂S0₄), and concentrated. Chromatography of the resulting residue (Si0₂; MeOH (NH₃):DCM) gave the title compound (770 mg, 54%). ^XH NMR (400 MHz, CDC1₃) δ 8.43 – 8.34 (m, 1H), 7.92 – 7.73 (m, 2H), 7.70 – 7.33 (m, 4H), 6.08 (dtd, J = 19.7, 11.7, 8.0 Hz, 3H), 1.54 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C2oH₁₃ClF_{4 4}0, 436.07; m/z found 437.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step B. (2-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(l-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-methyl-6J- dihydro-lH-imidazo[4.5-clpyridin-5(4H)-yl)methanone.

To a solution of (2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(l-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-4-methyl- lH-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methanone (0.80 g, 1.83 mmol) in degassed EtOH (25 mL) was added 10% palladium on carbon (0.20 g, 0.19 mmol). The reaction was placed under an atmosphere of hydrogen and let stir for 48 h. The reaction was diluted with DCM and filtered through a pad of Celite ©. The solvent was concentrated and chromatography of the resulting residue (Si0₂; MeOH (NH₃):DCM) gave the title compound (500 mg, 62%). ¾ NMR (500 MHz, CDC1₃) δ 8.45 – 8.30 (m, 1H), 7.94 (dd, J = 18.2, 10.7 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.67 – 7.43 (m, 3H), 7.43 – 7.30 (m, 1H), 5.81 (dd, J = 13.3, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 3.61 – 3.31 (m, 1H), 3.08 – 2.69 (m, 1H), 1.63 – 145 (m, 3H). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C₂₀H₁₅ClF₄N₄O, 438.08; m/z found 439.1 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 12: 2-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride.

To a suspension of 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (15 g, 67 mmol) and catalytic DMF (0.06 mL, 0.67 mmol) in DCM (150 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (6.8 mL, 80 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was let stir (vigorous bubbling) for 4 h and concentrated to an oily solid which became solid after overnight drying on high vacuum.

Intermediate 1 : l-(^‘5-Fluoropvridin-2-vl)-lH-imidazor4,5-clpvridine.

A solution of 5-azabenzimidazole (1.00 g, 8.40 mmol), 2-bromo-5-fluoropyridine (1.48 g, 8.40 mmol), copper (I) oxide (0.13 g, 0.84 mmol), 8-hydroxyquinoline (0.24 g, 1.68 mmol), and CS2CO₃ (5.47 g, 16.8 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) was irradiated in a microwave apparatus for 1 hour at 140 °C. The reaction was diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (75 mL x 3). The organic layers were combined, dried (Na₂S0₄), and concentrated. Chromatography of the resulting residue (S1O2; MeOH (NH₃):DCM) gave the title compound (0.45 g, 25%). MS (ESI): mass calculated for C11H7FN4, 214.07; m/z found 215.1 [M+H]⁺.

///////JNJ 54166060, JNJ-54166060,  JNJ54166060, 1627900-42-8, P2X7 antagonists

ClC1=C(C(N2CCC(N(C3=CC=C(F)C=N3)C=N4)=C4[C@H]2C)=O)C=CC=C1C(F)(F)F

Ethyl 2-[(6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-yl)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate (15b)

Yield: 76%; mp: 254–256°C; IR (cm⁻¹): 3200 (NH), 2974, 2854 (CH-aliphatic), 1656 (C=O); ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.03 (t, 3H, CH₃CH₂, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.21 (t, 2H, CH₂, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.88 (t, 2H, CH₂, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.40 (q, 2H, CH₂, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.88 (s, 3H, OCH₃), 3.91 (s, 3H, OCH₃), 3.96 (m, 4H, 2 CH₂), 4.24 (q, 2H, CH₃CH₂, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.40 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 7.62 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 8.99 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 12.00 (s, 1H, NH, D₂O exchangeable); Anal. Calcd for C₂₂H₂₅N₃O₄S: C, 61.81; H, 5.89; N, 9.83. Found: C, 61.93; H, 5.96; N, 9.98.

General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 15a,15b

A mixture of 4-chloro-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (1) (0.22 g, 1 mmol) and ethyl 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylate (14a) or ethyl 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate (14b) (1 mmol) in isopropanol (15 mL) was heated under reflux for 10 h. The reaction was cooled, and the solid formed was filtered, dried, and crystallized from isopropanol.

Synthesis of 4-Heteroaryl–Quinazoline Derivatives as Potential Anti-breast Cancer Agents

A. E. Kassab, E. M. Gedawy, H. B. El-Nassan+

+Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

E-mail: hala_bakr@hotmail.com

DOI10.1002/jhet.2634, 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jhet.2634/full?elq_mid=11879&elq_cid=4828550

Asmaa Elsayed Abd Ellatief Kassab( A. E. Kassab)

4-Heteroaryl or heteroalkyl–quinazoline derivatives were prepared as dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitors. The new compounds were tested for their dual enzyme inhibition as well as their cytotoxic activity on MCF7 cell line. The results indicated that almost all the compounds showed moderate dual inhibition of both enzymes. Compound 3 (methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate derivative) showed the highest inhibitory activity against both enzymes with IC₅₀ 97.6 and 64.0 µM against EGFR and VEGFR-2 kinases, respectively. Most of the test compounds showed potent to moderate antitumor activity on MCF7 cell line. Five compounds (3, 9c, 11, 13, and 15b) showed potent cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀values between 10 and 17 µM.

Scheme 4.

Scheme 3.

Scheme 2.

Scheme 1.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY.CAIRO UNIV

DOWNTOWN CAIRO

Dean of faculty of pharmacy, Cairo University, Dr. Azza Agha during the opening of the first international day at Faculty of Pharmacy.

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//////////4-Heteroaryl–Quinazoline Derivatives,  Anti-breast Cancer Agents

2-(2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethoxy)-1-(2-((2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)amino)-5,7-dihydro-6Hpyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)ethan-1-one

l-[2-(2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-2-[2-(lH- l ,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethoxy]ethanone.

CAS 1619971-30-0

US2014200231

Scheme A

Scheme B

Scheme C

VI

Scheme E

Autotaxin is an enzyme reported to be the source of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) which up-regulates pain-related proteins through one if its cognate receptors, LPAi_. LPA is an intracellular lipid mediator which influences a multiplicity of biological and biochemical processes. Targeted inhibition of autotaxin-mediated LPA biosynthesis may provide a novel mechanism to prevent nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.

Compounds that inhibit autotaxin are desired to offer a potential treatment option for patients in need of treatment for pain.

Pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) is reported to be the primary symptom leading to lower extremity disability in OA patients. Over 20 million Americans have been diagnosed with OA, the most common of the arthropathies. The currently approved treatments for OA pain may be invasive, lose efficacy with long term use, and may not be appropriate for treating all patients. Additional treatment options for patients suffering from pain associated with OA are desired. Compounds that inhibit autotaxin represent another possible treatment option for patients with pain associated with OA.

U.S. Patent 7,524,852 (‘852) discloses substituted bicyclic pyrimidine derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents.

PCT/US2011/048477 discloses indole compounds as autotoxin inhibitors.

There is a need for novel compounds that provide autotaxin inhibition. The present invention provides novel compounds which are autotaxin inhibitors. The present invention provides certain novel compounds that inhibit the production of LPA.

Autotaxin inhibitor compounds are desired to provide treatments for autotaxin mediated conditions, such as pain and pain associated with OA.

PAPER

In an effort to develop a novel therapeutic agent aimed at addressing the unmet need of patients with osteoarthritis pain, we set out to develop an inhibitor for autotaxin with excellent potency and physical properties to allow for the clinical investigation of autotaxin-induced nociceptive and neuropathic pain. An initial hit identification campaign led to an aminopyrimidine series with an autotaxin IC₅₀ of 500 nM. X-ray crystallography enabled the optimization to a lead compound that demonstrated favorable potency (IC₅₀ = 2 nM), PK properties, and a robust PK/PD relationship.

Novel Autotaxin Inhibitors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Pain: Lead Optimization via Structure-Based Drug Design

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00207

Spencer Jones

2-(2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethoxy)-1-(2-((2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)amino)-5,7-dihydro-6Hpyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)ethan-1-one (9)

………… Purified the resulting residue by silica gel chromatography (gradient elution: 0-9% methanol in ethyl acetate ) to give the title compound……..

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 60:40 mixure of rotamers * indicates minor rotamer δ 8.18 (bs, 0.6H), *8.13 (bs, 0.4H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.21-7.09 (m, 4 H), 5.70-5.50 (m, 1H), 4.87-4.78 (m, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1.2H), *4.67 (s, 0.8H), 4.64 (s, 1.2H) *4.53 (s, 0.8H), *4.30 (s, 0.8H), 4.28 (s, 1.2H), 3.93 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (dd, J = 16.2, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (dd, J = 16.2, 4.9 Hz, 2H).

13C NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): * indicates minor δ *169.3, 16 169.2, 167.0, *166.8, *162.4, 162.2, 152.8, *152.3, 141.1, 137.8, 130.9, 126.7, 124.9, 115.9, 69.8, 69.3, *69.0, 52.7, *52.5, 51.2, 49.0, *47.9, 40.1, 24.7.

LC/MS (ESI+ ): (m/z) 406 (C21H24N7O2 = (M+1)+ ).

PATENT

WO-2014110000-A1

Example 2

Synthesis of l-[2-(2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-2-[2-(lH- l ,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethoxy]ethanone.

Stir a mixture of 2-[2-(lH-triazol-5-yl)ethoxy]acetic acid 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid

(20.22 g; 70.90 mmol), N-(2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride hydrate (27.99 g; 81.54 mmol) and triethylamine (98.83 mL; 709.03 mmol) in dimethylformamide (404.40 mL) at 0°C. Add a solution of 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (50% solution in DMF; 51.89 mL; 81.54 mmol) over 30 minutes, and stir the mixture at room temperature for 18 hours.

Concentrate the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to give a residue. Add water (200 mL) and extract the mixture with ethyl acetate (4 x 250 mL) and

dichloromethane (4 x 250 mL). Wash the combined organic layers with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 100 mL) and brine (100 mL), then dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filter the mixture and concentrate the solution under reduced pressure to give a red solid (25.70 g) that is slurried in ethyl acetate/methanol (9: 1 mixture; 200 mL) for 2 hours at room temperature. Filter the resulting solid and wash with cold ethyl acetate (50 mL) to give a solid (ca.18.2 g) that is re-slurried in ethyl acetate (200 mL) at reflux for 1 hour. On cooling to room temperature, stir the mixture for 1 hour and filter the resulting light pink solid.

Slurry the light pink solid in water/methanol (1 : 1 mixture; 200 mL) and heat the mixture at 50°C for 30 minutes. Add ammonium hydroxide solution (32% ; 50 mL) and continue to heat the mixture at 50°C for 30 minutes. Upon cooling to room temperature, add additional ammonium hydroxide solution (32% ; 50 mL) and continue stirring for 1 hour at room temperature. Filter the resulting light gray solid, dry and slurry again in ethyl acetate (200 mL) for 1 hour to afford a light gray solid that is filtered, washed with ethyl acetate (25 mL), and dried to give the title compound (12.42 g; 43%) as a gray solid. MS (m/z): 406 (M+l).

PATENT

US-20140200231-A1

https://www.google.com/patents/US20140200231

Scheme E

Preparation 7

Synthesis of 2-[2-(lH-triazol-5-yl)ethoxy]acetic acid.

Pressurize 1 atmosphere of hydrogen (g) to a flask containing [2-(l-benzyl-lH- l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethoxy]acetic acid (10.1 g; 1.00 equiv; 38.66 mmoles) and palladium (II) chloride (3 g; 16.92 mmoles; 3.00 g) in isopropyl alcohol (300 mL) and water (60 mL). Maintain the flask under a hydrogen atmosphere for 3 h, then filter through Celite™ and concentrate. Add toluene (2×50 mL) and concentrate to afford the title compound (7.96 g, 100%). ^]H NMR (d₆-DMSO): 2.86 (t, / = 7 Hz, 2 H), 3.65 (t, / = 7 Hz, 2 H), 3.98 (s, 2 H), 7,77 (s, 1 H), 13.4 – 13.6 (br s, 2 H).

Example 1

Synthesis of l-[2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin- 6(5H)-yl]-2-[2-(lH-l,2,3-triazol-4- l)ethoxy]ethanone.

Add N-indan-2-yl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (4.2 g, 15.8 mmol) to a mixture of 2-[2-(lH-triazol-5-yl)ethoxy]acetic acid (2.7 g, 15.8 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (3.20 g, 23.7 mmol), and dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (5.44 g, 28.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) at 25 °C. Add triethylamine (4.40 mL, 31.6 mmol) to the reaction mixture and stir for 16 h. Wash with water (2 x 50 mL) and concentrate the organic layer. Purify by silica gel column chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol, to give the title compound (4.0 g, 60%) as a solid. MS (m/z): 420 (M + Η). Preparation 8

Synthesis of 2-chloro-l-[2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[4,3- d]pyrimidin-6(5H)-yl]ethanone.

To N-indan-2-yl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (11.0 g, 41.3 mmol) and triethylamine (7.48 mL, 53.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL), add 2- chloroacetyl chloride (3.61 mL, 5.13 g, 45.4 mmol) dropwise over five minutes at 23 °C. Stir for 30 minutes and pour the reaction mixture into 1 : 1 50% saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate: dichloromethane (75 mL). Separate the organic layer from the aqueous layer and further extract the aqueous layer with dichloromethane (2 x 25 mL). Combine the organic extracts and dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filter, and concentrate. Dissolve the residue in chloroform (10 mL) and purify via silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution: 25% ethyl acetate in hexanes to 100% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (9.75 g, 69%). ^]H NMR (CDC1₃, * = minor amide rotamer) δ 2.77* (t, 2H), 2.84 (dd, 2H), 2.87 (t, 2H), 3.35 (dd, 2H), 3.76 (t, 2H), 3.85* (t, 2H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 4.52* (s, 2H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 4.72-4.82 (m, IH), 5.48-5.64 (m, IH), 7.12-7.21 (m, 4H), 8.03-8.10 (m, IH).

Preparation 9

Synthesis of 2-(but-3-yn-l-yloxy)-l-[2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ylamino)-7,8- dihydropyrido[4,3-d]p rimidin-6(5H)-yl]ethanone.

To sodium hydride (60 wt% in mineral oil, 1.58 g, 39.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) at 23 °C, add 3-butyn-l-ol (7.93 g, 8.59 mL, 113.2 mmol) dropwise, then stir at 23 °C for 20 minutes. Add this solution to 2-chloro-l-[2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2- ylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-6(5H)-yl]ethanone (9.70 g, 28.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) at 23 °C and stir for one hour. Pour the reaction mixture into 50% saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. Separate the organic layer and further extract the aqueous layer with ethyl ether (x 2) and ethyl acetate (x 2). Combine the organic extracts and wash with brine, then dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filter, and concentrate. Purify the resulting crude product by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution: 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes to 100% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (8.16 g, 77%). MS (m/z): 377 (M + 1).

Example la

Alternative synthesis of l-[2-(2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-2-ylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[4,3- d]pyrimidin-6(5H)-yl]-2-[2-(lH- l,2,3-triazol-4- l)ethoxy]ethanone.

Sparge a solution of 2-(but-3-yn- l-yloxy)-l-[2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2- ylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-6(5H)-yl]ethanone (8.15 g, 21.7 mmol) and L-ascorbic acid sodium salt (8.58 g, 43.3 mmol) in dimethylformamide (60 mL) and water (60 mL) with nitrogen for ten minutes, then evacuate and backfill with nitrogen three times. Add copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (1.08 g, 4.33 mmol) and heat to 90 °C, then add azidotrimethylsilane (23.1 mL, 20.0 g, 173 mmol) dropwise and stir for one hour. Cool reaction mixture to 23 °C and pour into water (50 mL). Extract this mixture with ethyl acetate (4 x 50 mL). Combine the organic extracts and wash with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filter, and concentrate.

Purify the resulting crude product by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution: 0 to 10% methanol in ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (3.60 g, 40%). MS (m/z): 420 (M + 1). Preparation 10

Synthesis of tert-butyl-2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate.

Charge 450 rriL (2.58 mol) of N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine into a 15 °C solution of tert-butyl 2-chloro-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate (220 g, 860.37 mmol) and 2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-amine (137.7 g, 1.03 mol) in 1- methylpyrrolidin-2-one (3.6 L). Heat the resulting mixture to 80 °C for 16 h, then cool to 30 °C and transfer the resulting mixture into 5 L of water at 25 °C. Filter the resulting solid and rinse the filter cake with water (2 x 300 rriL). Reslurry the solid in ethyl acetate (350 iriL) for 45 min at 15 °C. Filter the slurry, rinsing with 15 °C ethyl acetate ( 2 x 250 rriL), and dry to give the title compound (226 g, 75%) as an off-white solid. ‘H NMR (d₆-DMSO) 1.45 (s, 9 H), 2.87 (dd, /= 7.2, 15.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.24 (dd, /= 7.2, 15.8 Hz, 2 H), 4.36 (d, 10.4 Hz, 2 H), 4.44 (d, /= 12.8 Hz, 2 H), 4.60 (m, 1 H), 7.14 (m, 2 H), 7.20 (m, 2 H), 7.55 (d, /= 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.27 (d, /= 7.2 Hz, 1 H).

Preparation 11

Synthesis of N-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-2- amine dihydrochloride hydrate.

Charge 670 rriL of 5 M hydrochloric acid (3.35 mol) to a solution of tert-butyl 2-

(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydro-6H pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6- carboxylate (226 g, 641.25 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2.0 L) at 17 °C, maintaining the internal temperature below 26 °C during the addition. Heat the resulting solution to 50 °C for 16 h, cool to 25 °C and dilute with 500 rriL of water and 500 mL of tert- butylmethylether. Separate the resulting layers and extract with tert-butylmethylether (3 x 1 L). Concentrate the water phase down to a reaction volume of ca. 200 mL, and filter the resulting slurry. Rinse the cake with tert-butylmethylether (2 x 200 mL) and dry to give the title product (177 g, 80%) as a light brown solid. MS (m/z): 253.2 (M-2HC1- H₂0+1).

Preparation 12

Syntheis of tert-butyl 2-but-3-ynox acetate.

Stir a mixture of but-3-yn-l-ol (6.00 g; 85.60 mmol), tetrabutylammonium sulfate (2.07 g; 8.54 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (40% wt/wt; 150 mL) in dichloromethane (150 mL) at 0°C. Add tert-butyl bromoacetate (19.34 mL; 128.40 mmol) dropwise and stir the mixture for 2.5 hours at room temperature. Dilute the reaction mixture with dichloromethane (200 mL) and water (100 mL), separate the layers, and further extract the aqueous layer with dichloromethane (2 x 100 mL). Wash the combined organic layers with brine (100 mL), dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrate to afford the crude title compound as a brown oil (11.93 g). Purify the oil by silica gel column chromatography, eluting with hexane: ethyl acetate (0% to 10% mixtures) to give the title compound (11.35 g; 72%) as a colorless oil. ^]H NMR (CDCI₃) δ 1.48 (s, 9H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 2.52 (m, 2H), 3.67 (m, 2H), 4.01 (bs, 2H).

Preparation 13

Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-[2-(lH-triazol-5- l)ethoxy]acetate.

Stir tert-Butyl 2-but-3-ynoxyacetate (11.34 g; 61.55 mmol) and copper(I)iodide (584 mg; 3.07 mmol) in a mixture of dimethylformamide (56.70 mL) and methanol (11.34 mL) at 0°C. Add azido(trimethyl)silane (12.33 mL; 86.47 mmol) dropwise and heat the mixture at 90°C for 18 hours.

In a second batch, stir tert-butyl 2-but-3-ynoxyacetate (4.38 g; 23.77 mmol) and copper(I)iodide (226 mg; 1.19 mmol) in a mixture of dimethylformamide (22 mL) and methanol (6 mL) at 0°C. Add azido(trimethyl)silane (4.8 mL; 33.66 mmol) dropwise and the mixture heated at 90°C for 18 hours.

Upon cooling to room temperature, combine the crude products from both batches and concentrate the mixture to afford a greenish residue. Purify the crude product by filtration through a plug of silica eluting with dichloromethane: ethyl acetate (75% to 100% mixtures) to afford the title compound (14.15 g, 73%) as a colorless oil. MS (m/z): 228.15 (M+l).

Preparation 14

Synthesis of 2-[2-(lH-triazol-5-yl)ethoxy]acetic acid 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid.

Stir a mixture of ieri-butyl 2-[2-(lH-triazol-5-yl)ethoxy]acetate (14.15 g; 62.26 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (70.75 mL, 935.69 mmol) in dichloromethane (70.75 mL) for 2 hours at room temperature. Concentrate the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to provide the title compound containing additional trifluoroacetic acid (20.22 g, >100%) as a brown solid. MS (m/z): 172.05 (M+l).

Example 2

Synthesis of l-[2-(2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-2-[2-(lH- l ,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethoxy]ethanone.

Stir a mixture of 2-[2-(lH-triazol-5-yl)ethoxy]acetic acid 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid

(20.22 g; 70.90 mmol), N-(2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride hydrate (27.99 g; 81.54 mmol) and triethylamine (98.83 mL; 709.03 mmol) in dimethylformamide (404.40 mL) at 0°C. Add a solution of 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (50% solution in DMF; 51.89 mL; 81.54 mmol) over 30 minutes, and stir the mixture at room temperature for 18 hours.

Concentrate the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to give a residue. Add water (200 mL) and extract the mixture with ethyl acetate (4 x 250 mL) and

dichloromethane (4 x 250 mL). Wash the combined organic layers with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 100 mL) and brine (100 mL), then dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filter the mixture and concentrate the solution under reduced pressure to give a red solid (25.70 g) that is slurried in ethyl acetate/methanol (9: 1 mixture; 200 mL) for 2 hours at room temperature. Filter the resulting solid and wash with cold ethyl acetate (50 mL) to give a solid (ca.18.2 g) that is re-slurried in ethyl acetate (200 mL) at reflux for 1 hour. On cooling to room temperature, stir the mixture for 1 hour and filter the resulting light pink solid.

Slurry the light pink solid in water/methanol (1 : 1 mixture; 200 mL) and heat the mixture at 50°C for 30 minutes. Add ammonium hydroxide solution (32% ; 50 mL) and continue to heat the mixture at 50°C for 30 minutes. Upon cooling to room temperature, add additional ammonium hydroxide solution (32% ; 50 mL) and continue stirring for 1 hour at room temperature. Filter the resulting light gray solid, dry and slurry again in ethyl acetate (200 mL) for 1 hour to afford a light gray solid that is filtered, washed with ethyl acetate (25 mL), and dried to give the title compound (12.42 g; 43%) as a gray solid. MS (m/z): 406 (M+l).

Preparation 15

Synthesis of 2-chloro- l-[2-(2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydro-6H- pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]ethanone.

Stir a suspension of N-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride hydrate (14.4 g, 41.9 mmol) and triethylamine (14.3 g, 19.7 mL, 141.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL) at 23 °C for 10 minutes, then cool to -30 °C. Add 2-chloroacetyl chloride (5.49 g, 3.86 mL, 48.6 mmol) over two minutes and warm to 23 °C over 10 minutes. Add methanol (5 mL) and remove the solvent in vacuo. Slurry the crude reaction mixture in methanol (30 mL), add 50 g silica gel and remove solvent in vacuo. Load the resulting residue onto a loading column and purify via silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution: 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to ethyl acetate to 10% methanol in ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (11.5 g, 84%). MS (m/z): 329(M+1).

Preparation 16

Synthesis of 2-(but-3-yn-l-yloxy)-l-[2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydro- 6H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]ethanone.

To sodium hydride (60 wt% in mineral oil, 2.06 g, 51.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (86 mL) at 0 °C, add 3-butyn-l-ol (4.64 g, 5.03 mL, 64.3 mmol), then stir at 23 °C for 15 minutes. Add this solution to 2-chloro-l-[2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7- dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]ethanone (8.45 g, 25.7 mmol) in

tetrahydrofuran (86 mL) at 0 °C and stir for five minutes. Pour reaction mixture into 50% saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. Separate the organic layer and further extract the aqueous layer with ethyl ether and ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL each). Combine the organic extracts and wash with brine, then dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filter, and concentrate. Combine the crude product with the crude product from a second reaction (run reaction under identical conditions and stoichiometry employing 2-chloro- 1- [2-(indan-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]ethanone (3.0 g, 9.1 mmol)) and purify by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution: 25% ethyl acetate in hexanes to 100% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (2.90 g, 23%). MS

(m/z): 363(M+1). Example 2a

Alternative synthesis of l-[2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydro- pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-2-[2-(lH-l,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethoxy]ethanone.

Add dimethylformamide (27 mL) and water (27 mL) to a flask containing 2-(but- 3-yn-l-yloxy)-l-[2-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ylamino)-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-6-yl]ethanone (2.90 g, 8.00 mmol). Add copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (400 mg, 1.60 mmol) and L-ascorbic acid sodium salt (3.17 g, 16.0 mmol). Evacuate flask and backfill with nitrogen (x 2), then add azidotrimethylsilane (7.37 g, 8.53 mL, 64.0 mmol) and heat the reaction to 90 °C for 70 minutes. Cool the reaction mixture to 23 °C and remove all solvent in vacuo. Suspend the residue in methanol/dichloromethane and then add silica gel and remove solvent in vacuo. Load this material onto a loading column and purify via silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution: 0-9% methanol in ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (980 mg, 30%). MS (m/z):

406(M+1).

/////////Autotaxin,  LPA,  osteoarthritis,  tool molecule, lily, Spencer Jones, PRECLINICAL

N1(Cc2cnc(nc2C1)NC3Cc4ccccc4C3)C(=O)COCCc5cnnn5

BMS-852927

CAS 256918-39-4

609.51 MW

C₂₉ H₂₈ Cl₂ F₂ N₂ O₄ S MF

2-(2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1-(3,3′-difluoro-4′-(hydroxymethyl)-5′-(methylsulfonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propan-2-ol

1H-Imidazole-4-methanol, 2-[1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylethyl]-1-[3,3′-difluoro-4′-(hydroxymethyl)-5′-(methylsulfonyl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl]-α,α-dimethyl-

Treat metabolic syndrome

Brett Busch, Ph.D.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/brettbbusch

• Originator Exelixis
• Developer Bristol-Myers Squibb
• Class Antihyperlipidaemics; Small molecules
• Mechanism of Action Liver X receptor modulators

• Discontinued Atherosclerosis; Hypercholesterolaemia

Most Recent Events

• 04 Jun 2014 BMS 852927 is still in phase I trials for atherosclerosis and in preclinical development for hypecholesterolaemia in USA
• 02 Aug 2013 Bristol-Myers Squibb terminates the planned phase I trial for Hypercholesterolaemia in Germany, Canada and Switzerland (NCT01651273)
• 06 Jul 2012 Bristol-Myers Squibb plans a phase I trial for Hypercholesterolaemia in Germany, Canada and Switzerland (NCT01651273)

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ 7.94 (m, 2H), 7.63 (dd, 1H, J = 11.29, 1.51 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J = 9.54
Hz), 7.14 (m, 3H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 5.58 (t, 1H, J = 5.27 Hz), 4.96 (d, 2H, J = 4.27 Hz), 4.70
(s, 1H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 6H), 1.45 (s, 6H); MS m/e 609.16 (M+H+);

13CNMR (DMSO-d6, 400MHz) 161.42 (d, J=249.49 Hz), 156.85 (d, J=250.25 Hz), 153.18, 148.39, 141.69 (d, J=3.05 Hz), 139.45 (dd, J=9.16, 1.53 Hz), 139.32 (dd, J=8.39, 1.53 Hz), 138.58, 134.68, 131.39, 129.96, 128.40,
127.12 (d, J=17.55 Hz), 125.72 (d, J=12.97 Hz), 123.15 (d, J=2.29 Hz), 122.49 (d, J=3.05 Hz), 119.04
(d, J=25.18 Hz), 116.30, 114.52 (d, J=22.13 Hz), 68.11, 51.97 (d, J=5.34 Hz ), 45.53, 44.78, 44.29,
31.01, 30.53.

19F-NMR (JEOL 500 MHz, CDCl3) -113.55, -116.73.

HPLC (XBridge 5μ C18 4.6x50mm, 4 mL/min, Solvent A: 10 % MeOH/water with 0.2 % H3PO4, Solvent B: 90 % MeOH/water with0.2 % H3PO4, gradient with 0-100 % B over 4 minutes): 2.56 minutes, Purity, 99.7%.

HRMS (m/z,Obs.): 609.12065 [M+H]+; (Calc.): 609.11877. Formula: C29H29Cl2F2N2O4S. Anal. Calcd. for
C29H28N2O4SCl2F2•0.10 C2H6O•0.10 C4H5O2: C, 57.05; H, 4.75; Cl, 11.42; F, 6.10; N, 4.50; S, 5.15.
Found: C, 57.14; H, 4.54; Cl, 11.57; F, 5.94; N, 4.36; S, 5.07. The residual solvents, ethyl acetate (1.39
weight %), ethanol (0.74 weight %), dichloromethane (0.05 weight %), and heptane (< 0.05 weight %)
were identified in the sample by GC/MS and the retention times were matched with the reference standards.

Liver X receptors (LXRs) belong to a family of nuclear hormone receptors that are endogenously activated by cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives to mediate transcription of genes involved in maintaining glucose, cholesterol, and fatty acid metabolism. LXRa is found predominantly in the liver, with low levels found in kidney, intestine, spleen, and adrenal tissue. LXRp is ubiquitous in mammals and was found in nearly all tissues examined. Given the intricate link between lipid metabolism and cancer cell growth, the ubiquitous expression of LXRp in some types of cancer is unlikely to be coincidental, allowing cancer cells to synthesize lipids and lipoprotein particles to sustain their growth. At the same time, however, such stable basal expression levels make LXRp an ideal therapeutic target.

Examples of LXR agonists reported in the literature

PATENT

WO 2010138598

PATENT

WO 2012135082

PATENT

WO 2014028461

PATENT

WO 2016100619

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016100619&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/US8618154?cl=enIt

Example 9 2-(2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1-(3,3′-difluoro-4′-(hydroxymethyl)-5′-(methylsulfonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propan-2-ol

Example 9a Preparation of 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile

To a 1 M solution of potassium tert-butoxide (403 mL, 403 mmol) at −66° C. (acetone/dry ice) was slowly added 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetonitrile (25.0 g, 134 mmol) in anhydrous THF (150 mL). The mixture was stirred at −66° C. for 20 minutes. Then, iodomethane (33.6 mL, 538 mmol) was added drop-wise over 25 minutes at −66° C. At this stage, it was exothermic and a large amount of light yellow precipitate was observed. The suspension was stirred at −60° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was quenched with 200 mL ice water, and extracted with ether (3×150 mL). The organics were combined, washed with 150 mL brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. The crude product (30 g, yellow oil) was purified by column chromatography (ISCO, 330 g silica, 20% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile (28.2 g, 132 mmol, 98% yield) as a light yellowish oil. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.35 (d, 2H, J=8.03 Hz), 7.16 (t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 2.09 (s, 6H); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃, 126 MHz) δ134.6, 133.8, 131.4, 129.0, 124.1, 38.6, 29.2; MS m/e 214.10 (M+H⁺); HPLC (XBridge 5μ C18 4.6×50 mm, 4 mL/min, Solvent A: 10% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, Solvent B: 90% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, gradient with 0-100% B over 4 minutes): 3.16 minutes.

Example 9b Preparation of N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanimidamide

2-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile (20 g, 93 mmol) and 4-bromo-2-fluoroaniline (28.4 g, 149 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous o-xylene (200 mL) and heated to 100° C. under N₂. Trimethylaluminum (2 M) in toluene (140 mL, 280 mmol) was added drop-wise (˜0.9 mL per minute) over 2.5 hours while the reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 30 minutes, and then cooled to −5° C. The reaction mixture was very carefully quenched with potassium sodium tartrate (20 g in 100 mL water) (Caution: gas and heat formation). The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite 545. The filtrate was washed with 1N HCl (4×70 mL). The aqueous was neutralized with 2N NaOH and extracted with EtOAc (4×100 mL). The organics were combined, washed with brine, dried with Na₂SO₄, and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to afford 24 g of crude product. The crude product was recrystallized with 72 mL of MTBE and 240 mL of hexane to give N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanimidamide (17.5 g, 43.3 mmol, 46.4% yield) as a white solid (purity: 99%). ¹H-NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz) δ 7.42 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.30 (m, 2H), 7.16 (t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.93 (t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 2.11 (s, 6H); ¹³C-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz) δ 166.5, 156.1, 153.7, 140.6, 138.5, 135.9, 131.4, 128.6, 128.0, 125.7, 119.5, 112.9, 50.0, 29.2; MS m/e 403.09 (M+H⁺); HPLC (XBridge 5μ C18 4.6×50 mm, 4 mL/min, Solvent A: 10% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, Solvent B: 90% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, gradient with 0-100% B over 4 minutes): 2.32 minutes.

Example 9c Preparation of ethyl 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate

To a mixture of N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanimidamide (48.0 g, 119 mmol), K₂CO₃(41.0 g, 297 mmol) in toluene (180 mL) and THF (180 mL) at 55° C. was added slowly a solution of ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxopropanoate (23.3 mL, 166 mmol) in 24 mL of THF over 50 minutes. The reaction mixture was kept at 55° C. for 1.5 hours. A white slurry was observed. The reaction mixture was cooled to 5° C. HCl (0.5N, 450 mL) was added drop-wise (end point pH=9˜10). After addition, the suspension was cooled to 0° C. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (2×50 mL), and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60° C. overnight. Ethyl 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (59 g, 114 mmol, 96% yield) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.11 (m, 3H), 6.96 (m, 2H), 6.72 (t, 1H, J=8.28 Hz), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.25 (d, 1H, J=10.5 Hz), 3.80 (d, 1H, J=10.8 Hz), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.93 (s, 3H), 1.38 (t, 3H, J=7.03 Hz); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃, 126 MHz) δ 173.0, 171.5, 159.8, 157.8, 137.3, 135.7, 132.1, 131.1, 128.1, 127.4, 125.6, 122.2, 120.1, 93.5, 62.5, 45.5, 30.2, 14.0; MS m/e 517.05 (M+H⁺); HPLC (XBridge 5μ C18 4.6×50 mm, 4 mL/min, Solvent A: 10% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, Solvent B: 90% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, gradient with 0-100% B over 4 minutes): 2.74 minutes.

Example 9d Preparation of ethyl 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazole,4-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (38 g, 73 mmol) in EdOH (200 mL) was added TFA (25.0 g, 220 mmol). The mixture was stbsequently heated tn 95° C. HPLC analysis after 2.5 hours showed <1% of alcohol intermediate remaining The mixture was diluted with 300 mL of CH₂Cl₂ and cooled to approximately 5° C. with an ice bath. The mixture was neutralized with 1N NaOH (120 mL) and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was dxtracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give crude material. Recrystallization in EtOH (5 mL/1 g) provided 32 g of ethyl 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophdnyl)propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate as `n off-white solhd (86% yield). ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d_{6, 400 MHz) δ 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.22 (m, 3H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 7.04 (t, 1H, J=12.0 Hz), 4.25 (q, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 1.94 (s, 6H(, 1.27 (t, 3H, J=8.0 Hz); MS m/e 502.68 (M+H⁺); HPLC (XBridge 5μ C18 4.6×50 mm, 4 mL/min, Solvent A: 10% MeOH/water with 0.2% H3PO4, Solvent B: 90% MeOH/water with 0.2% H3PO4, gradient with 0-100% B over 4 minutes): 3.87 minutes.}

Example 9e Prepar`tion of 2-(1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propan-2-ol

To a mixture of methylmagnesium bromide (60.0 mL, 180 mmol, 3M in ether) in 120 ml, of THF cooled with an ice/salt bath (−15 to −17° C.) was added slowly a solution of ethyl 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (30 g, 60 mmol) in 65 mL of CH₂Cl₂ and 87 mL of THF over 45 minutes. The internal temperature was carefully kept below 0° C. A further 2×20 mL of CH₂Cl₂ was used to wash forward the residual material. The reaction mixture temperature was maintained below 0° C. for 1 hour with stirring. Then the reaction mixture was diluted with 100 mL of CH₂Cl₂, and saturated NH₄Cl was added slowly. The resulting mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×80 mL). Organics were combined, washed with brine, dried with Na₂SO₄, and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to afford 2-(1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propan-2-ol (28.5 g, 58.6 mmol, 98% yield) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.13 (dd, 1H, J=9.03, 2.01 Hz), 7.09 (s, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 6.75 (t, 1H, J=8.16 Hz), 6.55 (s, 1H), 3.18 (s, 1H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.58 (s, 6H); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃, 126 MHz) δ 158.1, 156.1, 154.5, 147.8, 139.3, 135.7, 131.3, 130.3, 127.8, 126.9, 122.7, 119.8, 115.1, 68.7, 44.8, 31.1, 29.9; MS m/e 485.05 (M+H⁺); HPLC (XBridge 5μ C18 4.6×50 mm, 4 mL/min, Solvent A: 10% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, Solvent B: 90% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, gradient with 0-100% B over 4 minutes): 2.78 minutes.

Example 9 Preparation of 2-(2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1-(3,3′-difluoro-4′-(hydroxymethyl)-5′-(methylsulfonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propan-2-ol

To a 1 L 3-necked round bottom flask under nitrogen was added 2-(1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propan-2-ol (12.0 g, 24.7 mmol), [2-fluoro-6-methanesulfonyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-methanol (9.78 g, 29.6 mmol), K₂CO₃ (10.2 g, 74 mmol), DME (120 mL) and water (12 mL). The mixture was heated to 60° C., and then 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene palladium (II) chloride complex (4.06 g, 4.94 mmol) was added under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. for 30 minutes. The resulting darkly colored mixture was cooled with an ice bath, and partitioned in 200 mL of CH₂Cl₂ and 200 mL of water. The organic layers were combined and dried with Na₂SO₄. After concentration, the crude product was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 330 g silica, 0% to 100% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford 12.79 g of crude product (85% yield) as a light yellow solid.

Recrystallization was carried out by dissolving 9.5 g of crude product in acetone (80 mL) at 65° C. The resulting solution was cooled slowly to 25° C. over 5 hours, and then cooled to 0° C. for an additional 30 minutes. Crystals began to form at 45° C. The solid was collected by filtration and rinsed with cold acetone. After drying in an oven at 45° C. under vacuum for 14 hours, 4.9 g of pure product was obtained. To recover additional crystalline product, the mother liquid was concentrated to approximately 10 mL and passed through a silica pad. EtOAc (100 mL) was used to elute the compound. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a crude solid. The crude solid was recrystallized in acetone following the procedure above to afford an additional 2.5 g of product. The combined recovery for the two crops after recrystallization was a 78% yield. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz) δ 7.94 (m, 2H), 7.63 (dd, 1H, J=11.29, 1.51 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=9.54 Hz), 7.14 (m, 3H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 5.58 (t, 2H, J=5.27 Hz), 4.96 (d, 2H, J=4.27 Hz), 4.70 (s, 1H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 6H), 1.45 (s, 6H); MS m/e 609.16 (M+H⁺); HPLC (XBridge 5μ C18 4.6×50 mm, 4 mL/min, Solvent A: 10% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, Solvent B: 90% MeOH/water with 0.2% H₃PO₄, gradient with 0-100% B over 4 minutes): 2.56 minutes.

Alternatively, Example 9 was prepared as follows:

To a 1 L 3-necked round bottom flask under nitrogen was added methyltetrahydrofuran (“MeTHF”, 6.9 kg), 2-(1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propan-2-ol (1.994 kg, 4.1 moles) and (2-fluoro-6-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)methanol (1.38 kg, 4.19 moles). The mixture was agitated at 23° C. for 15 min until all the solids dissolved. At the conclusion of this period, (oxydi-2,1-phenylene)bis(diphenylphosphine) (0.022 kg, 0.041 moles) and Pd(OAc)₂ (0.01 kg, 0.045 moles) were added as a slurry via a subsurface line. Upon completion of addition, the mixture was rinsed with additional MeTHF (1.65 kg). The resulting mixture was evacuated to less than 80 Torr and backfilled with nitrogen. This process was repeated two more times. After completion of the degassing sequence, the reaction mixture was agitated for at least 15 min and a clear, golden color was observed. In a separate reaction vessel, a solution of potassium hydroxide (0.352 kg) in water (10.00 kg) was prepared and degassed by sparging the solution with nitrogen gas for at least 15 min prior to use. The KOH solution (10.35 kg) was transferred into the reactor by vacuum. The reaction temperature exhibited a known exotherm from 20° C. to 29° C. Upon completion of addition, the resulting biphasic mixture was degassed by a series of pressure swings. The mixture was warmed to between 45-50° C. where it was stirred for at least 2 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was analyzed by HPLC, which indicated the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was cooled to 23° C. and the stirring was stopped. The mixture was allowed to separate for 30 min and the lower spent KOH stream was removed. The product rich organic was passed through a column of thiourea functionalized silica gel (0.782 kg) (Silicycle) at ˜0.1 kg per min to remove the palladium. The product rich organic phase was washed with a 5% NaHCO₃ solution (5 vol) and the phases separated. The organic phase was washed with water (5 vol) and the organic and aqueous phases separated.

The product rich organic phase was polish filtered into a clean reaction vessel and then concentrated to ˜8 volumes (˜16 L) under vacuum (80 Torr, Tjacket=60° C.). Once at the prescribed volume, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 25° C. Once at the prescribed temperature the reaction mixture was seeded with 2-(2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-1-(3,3′-difluoro-4′-(hydroxymethyl)-5′-(methylsulfonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propan-2-ol (0.5%, 0.008 kg). The resulting slurry was stirred at 25° C. for about 18 h. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was concentrated to ˜8 L under vacuum (150 Torr, Tjacket=60° C.). Once at the prescribed volume, the reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. and isopropyl acetate (IPAc, 13.90 kg) was added to the reactor during a 90 min period. Upon completion of addition, the reaction mixture was cooled to 25° C. during a 3 h period. Once at the prescribed temperature the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 16 h. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was filtered, deliquored, and washed with additional IPAc (10.4 kg). The filter cake was dried via suction on the filter under a stream of dry nitrogen to yield a white solid. The white solid was transferred to a dryer and dried at 50° C. under full vacuum to afford 2.03 kg of product (81% yield, 99.40 AP, 98 wt %).

PAPER

Introducing a uniquely substituted phenyl sulfone into a series of biphenyl imidazole liver X receptor (LXR) agonists afforded a dramatic potency improvement for induction of ATP binding cassette transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1, in human whole blood. The agonist series demonstrated robust LXRβ activity (>70%) with low partial LXRα agonist activity (<25%) in cell assays, providing a window between desired blood cell ABCG1 gene induction in cynomolgus monkeys and modest elevation of plasma triglycerides for agonist 15. The addition of polarity to the phenyl sulfone also reduced binding to the plasma protein, human α-1-acid glycoprotein. Agonist 15 was selected for clinical development based on the favorable combination of in vitroproperties, excellent pharmacokinetic parameters, and a favorable lipid profile.

Discovery of Highly Potent Liver X Receptor β Agonists

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00234

///////////Discovery, Highly Potent,  Liver X Receptor β Agonists, ABCA1,  ABCG1,  Liver X receptor,  LXRα,  LXRβ,  α-1-acid glycoprotein, BMS-852927, BMS 852927

CS(=O)(=O)c1cc(cc(F)c1CO)c2cc(F)c(cc2)n3cc(nc3C(C)(C)c4c(Cl)cccc4Cl)C(C)(C)O

4-(6-chloro-1-oxo-3-thioxo-9,9a-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,5-a]indol-2(3H)-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzonitrile

WILL BE UPDATED………

Prostate cancer, one of the most malignant tumors worldwide, is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in America . Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been proved to be effective initially, the tumor will eventually progress and develop into the lethal castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) . The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily and plays a critical role in the progression of normal prostate cells. However, overexpression of AR was found in most CRPC, which is essential for CRPC to adapt to the low levels of androgens. As AR contributes significantly to the resistance to castration, it has been recognized as an attractive target for the treatment of CRPC

Reagents and conditions: (i) HNO3 , H2SO4 , -5 oC, 3 h; (ii) SOCl2 , MeOH, reflux, 12 h; (iii) H2 , Pd/C, MeOH, rt, 12 h; (iv) (CH3CO)2O, TEA, 50 oC, 6 h; (v) H2 , Pd/C, MeOH, rt, 12 h; (vi) acetone, HCl (6 mol/L), -10 oC, 0.5 h, NaNO2 , H2O, -10 oC, 1 h, CuCl/CuBr/KI, 0 oC, 3 h; (vii) HCl, 50 oC, 3 h; (viii) SOCl2 , MeOH, reflux, 12 h; (ix) 2, DMF, TEA, 60 oC, 1 h.

4-(6-chloro-1-oxo-3-thioxo-9,9a-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,5-a]indol-2(3H)-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzonitrile (48c). It was obtained as a yellow solid

m.p. 220-222 oC;

1H-NMR (300 MHz，DMSO-d6): δ 8.40 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 8.19 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 8.02-7.92 (m, 2H, Ar-H), 7.49-7.46 (m, 1H, Ar-H), 7.34-7.32 (m, 1H, Ar-H), 5.56 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H, -CH-), 3.58 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 2H, -CH2-) ppm;

13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 184.1, 172.1, 142.3, 138.5, 136.8, 134.7, 131.9, 131.5, 128.0, 126.1 (q, J = 267.9 Hz, CF3), 117.2, 115.4, 66.9, 39.9 ppm;

IR (KBr): 3094, 2232, 1763, 1607, 1499, 1270, 1136, 1052, 998, 786 cm-1;

HRMS (ESI): m/z, calculated for C18H9ClF3N3OS 408.0180 (M + H)+ , found 408.0173.

Paper

A series of indoline thiohydantoin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro.The most potent compound 48c shows comparable ability with enzalutamide in proliferation inhibition of LNCaP cells.Compound 48c has less cytotoxic to AR-negative cells compared with Enzalutamide.

The bicalutamide-resistant mechanism was clarified and overcome by compound 48c.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Available online 22 October 2016

In Press, Accepted Manuscript — Note to users

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.049

////////Prostate cancer, Androgen receptor, Antagonist, Indoline thiohydantoin derivatives, indoline thiohydantoin derivatives, enzalutamide, antiproliferative agents, prostate cancer

c1c(cc(c(c1)C#N)C(F)(F)F)N2C(C3Cc4ccc(cc4N3C2=S)Cl)=O

CEP-33779, CEP33779
CAS 1257704-57-6
Chemical Formula: C24H26N6O2S
Molecular Weight: 462.57
Elemental Analysis: C, 62.32; H, 5.67; N, 18.17; O, 6.92; S, 6.93

N-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-8-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine

PRECLINICAL Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Agents for Colorectal Cancer Therapy Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,

Jak2 Inhibitors

Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States

 Matthew A. Curry

Bruce Dorsey

Benjamin Dugan

Benjamin J. Dugan received a B.S. degree in Chemistry from the University of Delaware in 1993 under the tutelage of the late Dr. Cynthia McClure. He began his career at FMC Corporation in the agricultural products division. In 2006, he moved to Cephalon, Inc., acquired by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. in 2011, and engaged in oncology research focused on small molecule, ATP competitive, kinase inhibitors culminating with the discovery of CEP-33779. He is currently a Research Scientist focused on the development of novel, bioactive small molecules for treatment of central nervous system disorders.

Members of the Cephalon research team that discovered CEP-5214 and CEP-7055 include (from left) Hudkins, Thelma S. Angeles, Bruce A. Ruggeri, and Diane E. Gingrich. CEPHALON PHOTO

Eugen F. Mesaros

Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of activated T and B cells, autoantibodies and chronic inflammation that attacks various parts of the body including the joints, skin, kidneys, CNS, cardiac tissue and blood vessels. In severe cases, antibodies are deposited in the cells (glomeruli) of the kidneys, leading to inflammation and possibly kidney failure, a condition known as lupus nephritis.

Although the cause of lupus remains unknown, manifestations of the disease have been linked to genetic polymorphisms, environmental toxins and pathogens (Morel;

Fairhurst, Wandstrat et al. 2006). In addition, gender, hormonal influences and cytokine dysregulation have been tightly linked to the development of lupus (Aringer and Smolen 2004; Smith-Bouvier, Divekar et al. 2008). Lupus affects nine times as many women as men. It may occur at any age, but appears most often in people between the ages of 10 and 50 years. African Americans and Asians are affected more often than people from other races.

There is no cure for lupus. Current treatments for lupus are aimed at controlling symptoms and are limited to toxic and immunosuppressive agents with severe side-effects such as high dose glucocorticoids and/or hydroxchloroquine. Severe disease (e.g., patients that have signs of renal involvement) require more aggressive drugs including

mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), azathioprine (AZA) and/or cyclophosphamide (CTX) (Bertsias and Boumpas 2008). CTX, AZA and MMF are very toxic and

immunosuppressive, and only 50% of treated patients enter complete remission, with relapse rates up to 30% over a 2-year period.

Memory B cells, and more important, long-lived plasma cells (LL-PCs) which differentiate from memory B cells, are key cell types involved in lupus (Neubert, Meister et al. 2008; Sanz and Lee 2010). Long-lived plasma cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of high-affinity isotype switched antibodies (Meister, Schubert et al. 2007;

Muller, Dieker et al. 2008). Circulating antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) increase the chances of antibody depositing onto self tissues, forming immune-complexes and eventually leading to tissue destruction, epitope spreading and involvement of other organ systems. LL-PCs are commonly found to be chemo- and radio-resistant, over expressing various heat shock proteins and drug pumps (Obeng, Carlson et al. 2006; Neubert, Meister et al. 2008). In addition, LL-PCs primarily reside in the bone marrow where they are protected from current lupus therapies such as cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids.

A need exists for new treatments for lupus, including lupus nephritis. A need particularly exists for lupus treatments that can target and reduce LL-PCs.

CEP-33779 is a highly selective, orally active, small-molecule inhibitor of JAK2. CEP-33779 induced regression of established colorectal tumors, reduced angiogenesis, and reduced proliferation of tumor cells. Tumor regression correlated with inhibition of STAT3 and NF-κB (RelA/p65) activation in a CEP-33779 dose-dependent manner. The ability of CEP-33779 to suppress growth of colorectal tumors by inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling suggests a potential therapeutic utility of JAK2 inhibitors in multiple tumors types, particularly those with a strong inflammatory component.

PATENT

WO 2010141796

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2010141796A3?cl=en

Example 35 [8-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[ 1 ,2,4]triazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-

1 -yl)-phenyl]-amine

35 a) l-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-4-methyl-piperazine was prepared from l-(3-bromo-phenyl)- piperazine (1.33 g, 5.52 mmol) in a manner analogous to Step 32a. The reaction product was isolated as a pale yellow oil (1.4 g, 100%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ, ppm): 7.10 (dd, J=8.2, 8.2 Hz, IH), 7.04 (dd, J=2.1, 2.1 Hz, IH), 6.95 (ddd, J=I. S, 1.7, 0.7 Hz, IH), 6.83 (ddd, J=8.3, 2.4, 0.6 Hz, IH), 3.23-3.18 (m, 4H), 2.58-2.54 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 3H). MS = 255, 257 (MH)+. 35b) [8-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[ 1 ,2,4]triazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-[3-(4-methyl- piperazin-l-yl)-phenyl]-amine was prepared from 8-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)- [l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-ylamine (75.0 mg, 0.260 mmol) and l-(3-bromo-phenyl)-4- methyl-piperazine (80.0 mg, 0.314 mmol) with 2,2′-bis-dicyclohexylphosphanyl-biphenyl (30.0 mg, 0.0549 mmol) as the ligand in a manner analogous to Step 2d and was isolated as a yellow solid (0.072 g, 60%).

MP = 232-234 ⁰C.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ, ppm): 8.49 (d, J=I 2 Hz, IH), 8.25 (d, J=I .5 Hz, 2H), 8.08 (d, J=I .9 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=I .1 Hz, IH), 7.38 (s, IH), 7.27-7.20 (m, IH), 7.04-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.84 (s, IH), 6.60 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 3.30-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.63-2.58 (m, 4H), 2.38 (s, 3H).

MS = 463 (MH)+.

PATENT

WO 2012078504

PATENT

WO 2012078574

https://google.com/patents/WO2012078574A2?cl=da

COMPOUND A is a JAK2 inhibitor with the chemical name [8-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-amine. COMPOUND A has the following structure:

COMPOUND A

COMPOUND A was prepared in a manner analogous to the five-step method described below (see Example 35 of International Application No. PCT/US10/37363):

Step 1 : To a solution of 1-(3-bromo-phenyl)-piperazine (about 1 g) and acetic acid (about 0.4 mL) in methanol (about 25 mL) is added 37% formaldehyde in water/methanol (about 56.7:37:6.3, water:formaldehyde:methanol; about 5 mL). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for about 18 hours. The suspension is cooled to about 5°C in an ice/water bath and sodium cyanoborohydride (about 5 g) is added in small portions. The mixture is stirred and warmed to room temperature for about 18 hours. The mixture is slowly poured into saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (about 200 mL) and stirred for about 1 hour. The mixture is extracted with dichloromethane (3 x about 75 mL). The combined organic layers are dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The material is placed under high vacuum for about 18 hours to yield 1-(3-bromo-phenyl)-4-methyl-piperazine as a pale yellow oil (about 1 g). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ, ppm): 7.10 (dd, J=8.2, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J=2.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (ddd, J=7.8, 1.7, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (ddd, J=8.3, 2.4, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 3.23-3.18 (m, 4H), 2.58-2.54 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 3H). MS = 255, 257 (MH)+.

Step 2: To a solution of 3-bromo-pyridin-2-ylamine (about 10 g) in 1,4-dioxane (about 100 mL) is added dropwise ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate (about 7 mL). The mixture is stirred under an atmosphere of nitrogen for about 18 hours. The volatiles are evaporated to yield a waxy solid. The recovered material is triturated with hexane (about 250 mL). N-(3-bromo-2-pyridinyl)-N’-carboethoxy-thiourea is isolated and used without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, (D₃C)₂SO, δ, ppm): 11.46 (s, 1H), 11.43 (s, 1H), 8.49 (dd, J=4.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J=8.0, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS = 215 (MH)+.

Step 3: To a stirred suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (about 17 g) and Ν,Ν-diisopropylethylamine (about 26 mL) in a mixture of methanol (about 70 mL) and

ethanol (about 70 mL) is added N-(3-bromo-2-pyridinyl)-N’-carboethoxy-thiourea. The mixture is stirred for about 2 hours at room temperature then heated to about 60°C for about 18 hours. The suspension is cooled to room temperature, filtered and rinsed with methanol, water then methanol. 8-Bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-ylamine is isolated as an off-white solid (about 8 g). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, (D₃C)₂SO, δ, ppm): 8.58 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (s, 2H). MS = 213, 215 (MH)+.

Step 4: An oven dried tube is charged with palladium acetate (about 0.2 g) and triphenylphosphine (about 0.6 g). The tube is evacuated under high vacuum and backflushed under a stream of nitrogen for about 5 minutes. A suitable solvent such as

1,4-dioxane (about 10 mL) is added and the mixture is stirred under nitrogen for a suitable time (e.g., for about 10 minutes). 8-Bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-ylamine (about 0.75 g), (4-methylsulfonylphenyl)boronic acid (about 1 g), a suitable solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide (about 10 mL) and a suitable base, such as about 1.5 M of sodium carbonate in water (about 10 mL) are added. The mixture is stirred for about 2 minutes at room temperature under nitrogen then the tube is sealed and heated at about 80°C for about 18 hours. The mixture is transferred to a round bottom flask and the volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure. The product is isolated in a suitable manner. For example, water (about 100 mL) may be added and the mixture stirred. The solid may then be collected by filtration, and optionally rinsed with water, air dried, triturated with ether/dichloromethane (about 4: 1; about 10 mL), filtered and rinsed with ether. 8-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-ylamine is isolated as a tan solid (about 0.6 g). MP = 236-239 °C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, (D₃C)₂SO, δ, ppm): 8.63 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (d, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.21 (br s, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H). MS = 289 (MH)+.

Step 5: To an oven dried tube is added palladium acetate (about 10 mg) and 2,2′-bis-dicyclohexylphosphanyl-biphenyl (about 30 mg), 8-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-ylamine (about 75 mg), 1-(3-bromo-phenyl)-4-methyl-piperazine (about 80 mg), a suitable base, such as cesium carbonate (about 270 mg) and a suitable solvent, such as 1,4-dioxane (about 5 mL). The tube is evacuated and backflushed with nitrogen three times. The tube is sealed and heated at about 80°C for about 72 hours. The mixture is cooled to room temperature and the product isolated in a suitable manner.

For example, the cooled mixture may be diluted with dichloromethane (about 10 mL), filtered through a plug of diatomaceous earth, rinsed with dichloromethane and evaporated. The material may then be purified, e.g., via chromatography, e.g., utilizing an ISCO automated purification apparatus (e.g., amine modified silica gel column 5%→100% ethyl acetate in hexanes). [8-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-amine (i.e., COMPOUND A) is isolated as a yellow solid (about 0.07 g). MP = 232-234 °C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ, ppm): 8.49 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 8.08 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.04-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.30-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.63-2.58 (m, 4H), 2.38 (s, 3H). MS = 463 (MH)+.

PATENT

WO 2015089153

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2015089153A1?cl=un

This disclosure relates to a l,2,4 riazolo[l,5a]pyridine derivative, [8-(4 methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[ 1 ,2,4]triazoio[1 ,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl phenyl] -amine, re g structure:

or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and its use in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Compound A is a potent, orally active, small molecule inhibitor of JA 2. See, e.g..International Application No. PCT/USlO/37363, U.S. Patent Nos. 8,501,936 and ,633,173, and U.S. Published Patent Application Nos. 2013/0267535 and 2014/0024655, each of which is incorporated by reference herein. Compound A can be prepared, for example, using methods analogous to Example 35 of International Application No.PCT/US 10/37363.

PAPER

A Selective, Orally Bioavailable 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-Based Inhibitor of Janus Kinase 2 for Use in Anticancer Therapy: Discovery of CEP-33779

Members of the JAK family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases play a critical role in the growth and progression of many cancers and in inflammatory diseases. JAK2 has emerged as a leading therapeutic target for oncology, providing a rationale for the development of a selective JAK2 inhibitor. A program to optimize selective JAK2 inhibitors to combat cancer while reducing the risk of immune suppression associated with JAK3 inhibition was undertaken. The structure–activity relationships and biological evaluation of a novel series of compounds based on a 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine scaffold are reported. Para substitution on the aryl at the C8 position of the core was optimum for JAK2 potency (17). Substitution at the C2 nitrogen position was required for cell potency (21). Interestingly, meta substitution of C2-NH-aryl moiety provided exceptional selectivity for JAK2 over JAK3 (23). These efforts led to the discovery of CEP-33779 (29), a novel, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of JAK2.

[8-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-amine (29)

 ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.49 (dd, J = 6.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (dd, J = 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.39–7.36 (m, 1H), 7.23 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.60 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.30–3.25 (m, 4H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.63–2.58 (m, 4H), 2.38 (s, 3H).

¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 162.65, 152.28, 148.87, 141.00, 140.91, 140.05, 129.64, 129.29, 128.18, 127.85, 127.76, 124.77, 112.03, 109.40, 108.59, 104.80, 55.19, 49.02, 46.19, 44.59;

mp 208–211 °C.

High resolution mass spectrum (ESI+) m/z 463.1925 [(M + H)⁺calcd for C₂₄H₂₆N₆O₂S: 463.1916]. HPLC: 95 A%.

PAPER

An Improved Synthesis of the Free Base and Diglycolate Salt of CEP-33779; A Janus Kinase 2 Inhibitor

Abstract

CEP-33779 is a triazole that has been reported to show highly selective inhibition of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). An efficient process to form CEP-33779 will be presented that uses multiple palladium couplings to provide the drug substance in a convergent manner. The existing medicinal chemistry route was modified to avoid chromatographic purification, improve safety, and utilize palladium ligands which are available in quantities amenable to scale-up. Challenges faced during the development of the new process included optimization of conditions for Buchwald–Hartwig and Suzuki couplings, control of homocoupled impurities and removal of residual palladium. In addition, a screen of conditions to form a diglycolate salt of the parent compound are also presented.

REFERENCES

1: Dugan BJ, Gingrich DE, Mesaros EF, Milkiewicz KL, Curry MA, Zulli AL, Dobrzanski P, Serdikoff C, Jan M, Angeles TS, Albom MS, Mason JL, Aimone LD, Meyer SL, Huang Z, Wells-Knecht KJ, Ator MA, Ruggeri BA, Dorsey BD. A selective, orally bioavailable 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-based inhibitor of Janus kinase 2 for use in anticancer therapy: discovery of CEP-33779. J Med Chem. 2012 Jun 14;55(11):5243-54. doi: 10.1021/jm300248q. Epub 2012 May 18. PubMed PMID: 22594690.

2: Tagoe C, Putterman C. JAK2 inhibition in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunotherapy. 2012 Apr;4(4):369-72. doi: 10.2217/imt.12.20. PubMed PMID: 22512630.

3: Seavey MM, Lu LD, Stump KL, Wallace NH, Hockeimer W, O’Kane TM, Ruggeri BA, Dobrzanski P. Therapeutic efficacy of CEP-33779, a novel selective JAK2 inhibitor, in a mouse model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Apr;11(4):984-93. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0951. Epub 2012 Feb 14. PubMed PMID: 22334590.

4: Lu LD, Stump KL, Wallace NH, Dobrzanski P, Serdikoff C, Gingrich DE, Dugan BJ, Angeles TS, Albom MS, Mason JL, Ator MA, Dorsey BD, Ruggeri BA, Seavey MM. Depletion of autoreactive plasma cells and treatment of lupus nephritis in mice using CEP-33779, a novel, orally active, selective inhibitor of JAK2. J Immunol. 2011 Oct 1;187(7):3840-53. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101228. Epub 2011 Aug 31. PubMed PMID: 21880982.

5: Stump KL, Lu LD, Dobrzanski P, Serdikoff C, Gingrich DE, Dugan BJ, Angeles TS, Albom MS, Ator MA, Dorsey BD, Ruggeri BA, Seavey MM. A highly selective, orally active inhibitor of Janus kinase 2, CEP-33779, ablates disease in two mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011 Apr 21;13(2):R68. doi: 10.1186/ar3329. PubMed PMID: 21510883; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3132063.

/////////////CEP-33779, CEP33779, CEP 33779, 1257704-57-6, PRECLINICAL, TEVA,  Rheumatoid Arthritis, Colorectal Cancer Therapy, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,

Jak2 Inhibitors

O=S(C1=CC=C(C2=CC=CN3C2=NC(NC4=CC=CC(N5CCN(C)CC5)=C4)=N3)C=C1)(C)=O

DNDI-VL-2098

CAS 681492-17-1

(R)-2-Methyl-6-nitro-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxymethyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]oxazole

Watch this post, will be updated………..

(2R)-2-Methyl-6-nitro-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxymethyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]oxazole

Mp: 169–171 °C; Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00331

HPLC (area %): 99.52%; HPLC (chiral): 99.8% (a/a);

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.14–7.16 (d, 2H, J = 10.0 Hz), 6.83–6.86 (d, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 4.48–4.50 (d, 1H, J = 10.0 Hz), 4.22–4.24 (d, 1H, J = 10.0 Hz), 4.05–4.10 (t, 2H, J = 9.6 and 10.4 Hz), 1.79 (s, 3H);

¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 156.0, 155.8, 147.1, 143.5, 122.6, 115.5, 112.6, 122.6, 121.7, and 119.1 (J_C–F = 255.1 Hz), 116.6, 92.9, 71.8, 51.3, 23.0;

¹⁹F NMR (CDCl₃, 376 MHz): δ −58.4;

IR (KBr, cm^–1): 3155, 2996, 1607, 1456, 1281, 1106, 978, 921, 834,783, 708;

mass (m/z): 360.3 (M + 1)⁺;

[α]²⁵₅₈₉ = (+)8.445 (c 1.00 g/100 mL, CHCl₃).

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), infamously known as kala-azar (black fever) in the Indian subcontinent, is the most lethal form of leishmaniasis and is caused by protozoan parasites. This deadly disease is the second largest parasitic killer in the world, surpassed only by malaria, with a worldwide distribution in Asia, East Africa, South America, and the Mediterranean region. In the search for effective treatments for visceral leishmaniasis, the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) recently evaluated fexinidazole a nitroimidazole being developed as a treatment for Human African Trypanosomiasis. Fexinidazole  showed potential as a safe and effective oral drug for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and is now in clinical trials.

fexinidazole (1) and DNDI-VL-2098 (2).

Earlier, through an agreement with TB Alliance and in association with the ACSRC at the University of Auckland (NZ), DNDi screened about 70 other nitroimidazole analogues belonging to four chemical subclasses and investigated them for antileishmanial activity

Paper

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01699

Repositioning Antitubercular 6-Nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazoles for Neglected Tropical Diseases: Structure–Activity Studies on a Preclinical Candidate for Visceral Leishmaniasis

Abstract

6-Nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazole derivatives were initially studied for tuberculosis within a backup program for the clinical trial agent pretomanid (PA-824). Phenotypic screening of representative examples against kinetoplastid diseases unexpectedly led to the identification of DNDI-VL-2098 as a potential first-in-class drug candidate for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Additional work was then conducted to delineate its essential structural features, aiming to improve solubility and safety without compromising activity against VL. While the 4-nitroimidazole portion was specifically required, several modifications to the aryloxy side chain were well-tolerated e.g., exchange of the linking oxygen for nitrogen (or piperazine), biaryl extension, and replacement of phenyl rings by pyridine. Several less lipophilic analogues displayed improved aqueous solubility, particularly at low pH, although stability toward liver microsomes was highly variable. Upon evaluation in a mouse model of acute Leishmania donovani infection, one phenylpyridine derivative (37) stood out, providing efficacy surpassing that of the original preclinical lead.

Structures of various antileishmanial or antitubercular agents.

 

CLICK ON IMAGE

2-Methyl-6-nitro-2-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]methyl}-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1- b][1,3]oxazole (7).

Method A (Scheme 1B): Reaction of alcohol 88 with NaH, using procedure C, followed by chromatography of the product on silica gel, eluting with CH2Cl2, gave 71 (87%) as a pale yellow solid: mp (CH2Cl2/hexane) 122-124 C (lit.1 mp 126.8-127.9 C); 1 H NMR (CDCl3)  7.56 (s, 1 H), 7.16 (br d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2 H), 6.85 (br d, J = 9.2 Hz, 2 H), 4.48 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.23 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.09 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.05 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 1.79 (s, 3 H); 13C NMR (CDCl3)  156.3 (C-1’), 156.1 (C-7a), 147.4 (C- 6), 143.9 (q, JC-F = 2.1 Hz, C-4’), 122.8 (2 C, C-3’,5’), 120.7 (q, JC-F = 256.5 Hz, 4’-OCF3), 115.8 (2 C, C-2’,6’), 112.8 (C-5), 93.1 (C-2), 72.2 (2-CH2O), 51.6 (C-3), 23.3 (2-CH3). Anal. (C14H12F3N3O5) C, H, N.

Method B (Scheme 2B): Reaction of 2-bromo-1-[(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitro-1Himidazole2 (98) with 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol (0.95 equiv) and NaH (1.2 equiv), using procedure I, followed by chromatography of the product on silica gel, eluting with 2:1 and 3:1 CH2Cl2/petroleum ether (foreruns) and then with 3:1 CH2Cl2/petroleum ether and CH2Cl2, S8 gave a crude product, which was crystallized from CH2Cl2/hexane (and the mother liquors further purified by chromatography on silica gel, eluting as before), to give 71 (55%) as a pale yellow solid (see data above). Method C (Scheme 2D): Reaction of 2-chloro-1-[(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitro-1Himidazole1 (109) with 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol (1.0 equiv) and NaH, using procedure I, followed by chromatography of the product on silica gel, eluting with 1:1 and 3:2 CH2Cl2/petroleum ether (foreruns) and then with 3:1 CH2Cl2/petroleum ether and CH2Cl2, gave a crude product, which was crystallized from CH2Cl2/hexane (and the mother liquors further purified by chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 1:1 and 3:1 Et2O/petroleum ether and then with Et2O and CH2Cl2), to give 71 (51%) as a pale yellow solid (see data above).

Synthesis of 9 (Scheme 2A): (2R)-2-Methyl-6-nitro-2-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]methyl}-2,3-dihydroimidazo- [2,1-b][1,3]oxazole (9). Reaction of 2-chloro-1-{[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]methyl}-4-nitro- 1H-imidazole3 (96) with 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol and NaH, using procedure H, gave 91,3 (36%) as a pale brown solid: mp 170-171 C (lit.1 mp 176.5-178 C); 1 H NMR (CDCl3)  7.56 (s, 1 H), 7.16 (br d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.85 (br d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2 H), 4.48 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.23 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.09 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.05 (d, J = 10.3 Hz, 1 H), 1.79 (s, 3 H); [α] 25 D 9.0 (c 1.002, CHCl3) [lit.1 [α] 28 D 7.67 (c 1.030, CHCl3)]. Anal. (C14H12F3N3O5) C, H, N. HPLC purity: 100%. Chiral HPLC (using a CHIRALPAK AD-H analytical column and eluting with 15% EtOH/hexane at 1 mL/min) determined that the ee of 9 was 98.7%.

Paper

Sasaki, Hirofumi; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2006, VOL 49(26), Pg 7854-7860

Synthesis and Antituberculosis Activity of a Novel Series of Optically Active 6-Nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]oxazoles

Abstract

In an effort to develop potent new antituberculosis agents that would be effective against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we prepared a novel series of optically active 6-nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]oxazoles substituted at the 2-position with various phenoxymethyl groups and a methyl group and investigated the in vitro and in vivo activity of these compounds. Several of these derivatives showed potent in vitro and in vivo activity, and compound 19 (OPC-67683) in particular displayed excellent in vitro activity against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis H₃₇Rv (MIC = 0.006 μg/mL) and dose-dependent and significant in vivo efficacy at lower oral doses than rifampicin in mouse models infected with M. tuberculosis Kurono. The synthesis and structure−activity relationships of these new compounds are presented.

(R)-2-Methyl-6-nitro-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxymethyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]oxazole (8). Mp 176−178 °C.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.79 (3H, s), 4.06 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 4.10 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 4.23 (1H, d, J = 10.1 Hz), 4.49 (1H, d, J = 10.1 Hz), 6.84 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.13 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.56 (1H, s).

MS (DI) m/z 359 (M⁺). Anal. (C₁₄H₁₂F₃N₃O₅) C, H, N.

PAPER

A process suitable for kilogram-scale synthesis of (2R)-2-methyl-6-nitro-2-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]methyl}-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazole (DNDI-VL-2098, 2), a preclinical drug candidate for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, is described. The four-step synthesis of the target compound involves the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol, 8. Identification of a suitable synthetic route using retrosynthetic analysis and development of a scalable process to access several kilograms of 2 are illustrated. The process was simplified by employing in situ synthesis of some intermediates, reducing safety hazards, and eliminating the need for column chromatography. The improved reactions were carried out on the kilogram scale to produce 2 in good yield, high optical purity, and high quality.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00331

Development of a Scalable Process for the Synthesis of DNDI-VL-2098: A Potential Preclinical Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Vijay S. Satam, Srinivasa Rao Pedada, Pasumpon Kamaraj, Nakita Antao, Apoorva Singh, Rama Mohan Hindupur, and Hari N. Pati^* ,

Process Chemistry Division, Advinus Therapeutics Ltd., 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, Karnataka, India

Andrew M. Thompson ,

Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand

Delphine Launay and Denis Martin

Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00331

*Process Chemistry Division, Advinus Therapeutics Ltd., 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore -560058, Karnataka, India. E-mail: hari.pati@advinus.com. Tel. No.: (+91)9900212096.

 

BMS-960

PRECLINICAL

(S)-1-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic Acid

3-Piperidinecarboxylic acid, 1-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-[5-[3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]-, (3S)-

(S)-1-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic Acid

CAS 1265321-86-5 FREE FORM

FREE FORM 528.48, C₂₆ H₂₃ F₃ N₄ O₅

CAS 1265323-40-7 HCL SALT

BASIC PATENT WO201117578, 2011, (US Patent 8399451)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is the endogenous ligand for the sphingosine-1-phophate receptors (S1P_1–5) and triggers a number of cellular responses through their stimulation. S1P and its interaction with the S1P receptors play a significant role in a variety of biological processes including vascular stabilization, heart development, lymphocyte homing, and cancer angiogenesis. Agonism of S1P₁, especially, has been shown to play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking from the thymus and secondary lymphoid organs, inducing immunosuppression, which has been established as a novel mechanism of treatment for immune diseases and vascular diseases

Sphingosine-1 -phosphate (SlP) has been demonstrated to induce many cellular effects, including those that result in platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, cell morphology, tumor cell invasion, endothelial cell and leukocyte chemotaxis, endothelial cell in vitro angiogenesis, and lymphocyte trafficking. SlP receptors are therefore good targets for a wide variety of therapeutic applications such as tumor growth inhibition, vascular disease, and autoimmune diseases. SlP signals cells in part via a set of G protein-coupled receptors named SlPi or SlPl, SlP₂ or S1P2, SlP₃ or S1P3, SlP₄ Or S1P4, and SlP₅ or S1P5 (formerly called EDG-I, EDG-5, EDG-3, EDG-6, and EDG-8, respectively).

SlP is important in the entire human body as it is also a major regulator of the vascular and immune systems. In the vascular system, SlP regulates angiogenesis, vascular stability, and permeability. In the immune system, SlP is recognized as a major regulator of trafficking of T- and B-cells. SlP interaction with its receptor SlPi is needed for the egress of immune cells from the lymphoid organs (such as thymus and lymph nodes) into the lymphatic vessels. Therefore, modulation of SlP receptors was shown to be critical for immunomodulation, and SlP receptor modulators are novel immunosuppressive agents.

The SlPi receptor is expressed in a number of tissues. It is the predominant family member expressed on lymphocytes and plays an important role in lymphocyte trafficking. Downregulation of the SlPi receptor disrupts lymphocyte migration and homing to various tissues. This results in sequestration of the lymphocytes in lymph organs thereby decreasing the number of circulating lymphocytes that are capable of migration to the affected tissues. Thus, development of an SlPi receptor agent that suppresses lymphocyte migration to the target sites associated with autoimmune and aberrant inflammatory processes could be efficacious in a number of autoimmune

Among the five SlP receptors, SlPi has a widespread distribution and is highly abundant on endothelial cells where it works in concert with SIP3 to regulate cell migration, differentiation, and barrier function. Inhibition of lymphocyte recirculation by non-selective SlP receptor modulation produces clinical immunosuppression preventing transplant rejection, but such modulation also results in transient bradycardia. Studies have shown that SlPi activity is significantly correlated with depletion of circulating lymphocytes. In contrast, Sl P3 receptor agonism is not required for efficacy. Instead, SIP3 activity plays a significant role in the observed acute toxicity of nonselective SlP receptor agonists, resulting in the undesirable cardiovascular effects, such as bradycardia and hypertension. (See, e.g., Hale et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14:3501 (2004); Sanna et al., J. Biol. Chem., 279: 13839 (2004); Anliker et al., J. Biol. Chem., 279:20555 (2004); Mandala et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 309:758 (2004).)

An example of an SlPi agonist is FTY720. This immunosuppressive compound FTY720 (JPI 1080026-A) has been shown to reduce circulating lymphocytes in animals and humans, and to have disease modulating activity in animal models of organ rejection and immune disorders. The use of FTY720 in humans has been effective in reducing the rate of organ rejection in human renal transplantation and increasing the remission rates in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (see Brinkman et al., J. Biol. Chem., 277:21453 (2002); Mandala et al., Science, 296:346 (2002); Fujino et al., J.

Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305:45658 (2003); Brinkman et al, Am. J. Transplant., 4: 1019 (2004); Webb et al., J. Neuroimmunol, 153: 108 (2004); Morris et al., Eur. J. Immunol, 35:3570 (2005); Chiba, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 108:308 (2005); Kahan et al., Transplantation, 76: 1079 (2003); and Kappos et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 335: 1124 (2006)). Subsequent to its discovery, it has been established that FTY720 is a prodrug, which is phosphorylated in vivo by sphingosine kinases to a more biologically active agent that has agonist activity at the SlPi, SIP3, SlP₄, and SIP5 receptors. It is this activity on the SlP family of receptors that is largely responsible for the pharmacological effects of FTY720 in animals and humans. [0007] Clinical studies have demonstrated that treatment with FTY720 results in bradycardia in the first 24 hours of treatment (Kappos et al, N. Engl. J. Med., 335: 1124 (2006)). The observed bradycardia is commonly thought to be due to agonism at the SIP₃ receptor. This conclusion is based on a number of cell based and animal experiments. These include the use of SIP3 knockout animals which, unlike wild type mice, do not demonstrate bradycardia following FTY720 administration and the use of SlPi selective compounds. (Hale et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14:3501 (2004); Sanna et al., J. Biol. Chem., 279: 13839 (2004); and Koyrakh et al., Am. J. Transplant, 5:529 (2005)).

The following applications have described compounds as SlPi agonists: WO 03/061567 (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0070506), WO 03/062248 (U.S. Patent No. 7,351,725), WO 03/062252 (U.S. Patent No. 7,479,504), WO 03/073986 (U.S. Patent No. 7,309,721), WO 03/105771, WO 05/058848, WO 05/000833, WO 05/082089 (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0203100), WO 06/047195, WO 06/100633, WO 06/115188, WO 06/131336, WO 2007/024922, WO 07/109330, WO 07/116866, WO 08/023783 (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0200535), WO 08/029370, WO 08/114157, WO 08/074820, WO 09/043889, WO 09/057079, and U.S. Patent No. 6,069,143. Also see Hale et al., J. Med. Chem., 47:6662 (2004).

There still remains a need for compounds useful as SlPi agonists and yet having selectivity over Sl P3.

Applicants have found potent compounds that have activity as SlPi agonists. Further, applicants have found compounds that have activity as SlPi agonists and are selective over SIP3. These compounds are provided to be useful as pharmaceuticals with desirable stability, bioavailability, therapeutic index, and toxicity values that are important to their drugability.

SYNTHESIS

(S)-1-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, HCl (BMS-960). CAS 1265323-40-7

(S)-1-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, HCl (BMS-960)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.88 (br. s, 1H), 10.5 (br. s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69–7.57 (m, 5H), 6.43 (br. s., 1H), 5.37 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.89–3.60 (m, 2H), 3.50–2.82 (m, 6H), 2.14–1.99 (m, 1H), 1.97–1.75 (m, 1H), 1.63–1.35 (m, 1H);

¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 172.8, 168.5, 164.0, 161.6, 155.4, 156.2, 131.2, 129.0, 128.9, 127.4, 127.2, 125.5, 124.3, 122.2, 111.6, 66.6. 63.0, 52.9, 52.2, 38.8, 25.0, 21.7;

¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −54.16;

Anal. calcd for C₂₆H₂₃F₃N₄O₅·HCl: C, 54.71; H, 4.36; N, 9.80. Found: C, 54.76; H, 3.94; N, 9.76;

HRMS (ESI) m/e 529.17040 [(M + H)⁺, calcd for C₂₆ H₂₄ N₄ O₅ F₃ 529.16933].

PATENT

WO 2011017578

Example 14

(S)-l-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid

Preparation 14A: (3S)-Ethyl l-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3- carboxylate

(14A)-isomer A (14A)-isomer B [00210] To a mixture of (S)-ethyl piperidine-3-carboxylate (1.3 g, 8.27 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was added 4-(2-bromoacetyl)benzonitrile (2.4 g, 10.71 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. LCMS indicated completion of reaction. MeOH (10 mL) was added to the mixture, followed by the portionwise addition of sodium borohydride (0.313 g, 8.27 mmol). After 1 hour, LCMS show complete reduction to the desired alcohol. The reaction was quenched with water. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaCl. The organic layer was dried with MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated, and purified on a silica gel cartridge using an EtOAc/hexanes gradient to yield 2.0 g of solid product. The product was separated by chiral HPLC (Berger SFC MGIII instrument equipped with a CHIRALCEL® OJ (25 x 3 cm, 5 μM). Temp: 30 ⁰C; Flow rate: 130 mL/min; Mobile phase: C(V(MeOH +

0.1%DEA) in 9: 1 ratio isocratic:

[00211] Peak 1 (Isomer A): RT = 2.9 min. for (S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2- hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (>99% d.e.). The absolute and relative stereochemistry of compound 14A-isomer A was assigned (S,S) by X-ray crystal structure (see Alternative Route data). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.63 (2 H, m, J=8.35 Hz), 7.49 (2 H, m, J=8.35 Hz), 4.77 (1 H, dd, J=10.55, 3.52 Hz), 4.17 (2 H, q, J=7.03 Hz), 3.13 (1 H, d, J=9.23 Hz), 2.53-2.67 (3 H, m), 2.44 (2 H, dd, J=18.68, 9.89 Hz), 2.35 (1 H, dd, J=12.74, 10.55 Hz), 1.87-2.01 (1 H, m), 1.71-1.82 (1 H, m), 1.52-1.70 (2 H, m), 1.28 (3 H, t, J=7.03 Hz).

[00212] Peak 2 (Isomer B): RT = 3.8 min for (S)-ethyl l-((R)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2- hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (>99% d.e.). The absolute and relative stereochemistry of 14A-isomer B was assigned (S,R) based on the crystal structure of 14A-isomer A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.63 (2 H, m, J=8.35 Hz), 7.49 (2 H, m, J=8.35 Hz), 4.79 (1 H, dd, J=10.55, 3.52 Hz), 4.16 (2 H, q, J=7.03 Hz), 2.69-2.91 (3 H, m), 2.60-2.68 (1 H, m), 2.56 (1 H, dd, J=12.30, 3.52 Hz), 2.36 (1 H, dd, J=12.52, 10.77 Hz), 2.25 (1 H, t, J=8.79 Hz), 1.65-1.90 (3 H, m), 1.52-1.64 (1 H, m, J=12.69, 8.49, 8.49, 4.17 Hz), 1.27 (3 H, t, J=7.25 Hz).

[00213] (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (14A-isomer A) was carried forward to make Example 14 and (S)-ethyl l-((R)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (14A-isomer B) was carried forward to make Example 15.

Preparation 14B: (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-((Z)-N’-hydroxycarbamimidoyl) phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3 -carboxylate

[00214] To a mixture of ((S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-((Z)-N’- hydroxycarbamimidoyl) phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3 -carboxylate (14A-Isomer A) (58 mg, 0.192 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (26.7 mg, 0.384 mmol) in 2-propanol (10 mL) was added sodium bicarbonate (64.5 mg, 0.767 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 85 ⁰C. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with sat NaCl. The organic layer was dried with MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to yield 56 mg. MS (M+l) = 464. HPLC Peak RT = 1.50 minutes.

Preparation 14C: (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

[00215] 3-Phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl fluoride, InM-G (214 mg, 0.78 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (5.00 mL). DIEA (0.272 mL, 1.555 mmol) and (S)-ethyl- 1 -((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-((Z)-N’-hydroxycarbamimidoyl) phenyl)ethyl)- piperidine-3-carboxylate (261 mg, 0.778 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours, then IM TBAF in THF (0.778 mL, 0.778 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered and purified by HPLC in three batches. HPLC conditions: PHENOMENEX® Luna C18 5 micron column (250 x 30mm); 25-100% CH₃CN/water (0.1% TFA); 25 minute gradient; 30 mL/min. Isolated fractions with correct mass were partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaHCO₃ with back extracting aqueous layer once. The organic layer was dried with MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give 155mg of (S)- ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₃) δ ppm 8.04 (2 H, d, J=8.13 Hz), 7.55-7.60 (2 H, m), 7.41-7.54 (5 H, m), 4.81 (1 H, ddd, J=8.35, 4.06, 3.84 Hz), 3.96-4.10 (2 H, m), 2.82-3.08 (1 H, m), 2.67-2.82 (1 H, m), 2.36- 2.61 (3 H, m), 2.08-2.33 (2 H, m), 1.73-1.87 (1 H, m, J=8.54, 8.54, 4.45, 4.17 Hz), 1.32- 1.70 (3 H, m), 1.09-1.19 (3 H, m). MS (m+l) = 557. HPLC Peak RT = 3.36 minutes. Purity = 99%.

Example 14: [00216] (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5- yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (89 mg, 0.16 mmol) was heated at 50 ⁰C in 6N HCl (5 mL) in acetonitrile (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight and then filtered and purified by HPLC. HPLC conditions:

PHENOMENEX® Luna C 18 5 micron column (250 x 30mm); 25-100% CH₃CN/water (0.1% TFA); 25 minute gradient; 30 mL/min. Isolated fractions with correct mass were freeze-dried overnight to yield 36 mg of (S)-l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3- carboxylic acid as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₃) δ ppm 8.23 (2 H, d, J=8.35 Hz), 7.65-7.74 (4 H, m), 7.54-7.65 (3 H, m), 5.29 (1 H, t, J=7.03 Hz), 4.00 (1 H, br. s.), 3.43-3.75 (1 H, m), 3.34-3.41 (2 H, m), 2.82-3.24 (2 H, m), 2.26 (1 H, d, J=I 1.86 Hz), 1.84-2.14 (2 H, m), 1.52-1.75 (1 H, m). MS (m+1) = 529. HPLC Peak RT = 3.24 minutes. Purity = 98%. Example 14-Alternate Synthesis Route 1

Preparation 14D (Alternate Synthesis Route 1): (S)-4-(Oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile

[00217] To 800 mL of 0.2M, pH 6.0 sodium phosphate buffer in a 2 L flask equipped with an overhead stirrer was added D-glucose (38.6 g, 1.2 eq), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, free acid (1.6 g, mmol), glucose dehydrogenase (36 mg, 3.2 kU,

CODEXIS® GDH- 102, 90 U/mg), and enzyme KRED-NADH-110 (200 mg,

CODEXIS®, 25 U/mg). The vessels containing the reagents above were rinsed with 200 mL of fresh sodium phosphate buffer and added to the reaction which was stirred to dissolution and then heated to 40 ⁰C. To this mixture was added a solution of 2-bromo- 4′-cyanoacetophenone (40 g, 178.5 mmol) in 100 mL DMSO through an addition funnel in about 30 min. The container was rinsed with 20 mL DMSO and the rinse was added to the reactor. A pH of 5.5-6.0 was maintained by adding 1 M NaOH through a fresh addition funnel (total volume of 200 mL over 6h) after which HPLC showed complete consumption of the starting material. The reaction mixture was extracted with 800 mL MTBE x 2 and the combined extracts were washed with 300 mL of 25% brine. The crude alcohol was transferred to a 3L 3-neck flask and treated with solid NaOtBu (34.3 g, 357 mmol) stirring for 1 h and then additional NaOtBu (6.9 g, 357 mmol) and stirring for 30 min. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solution was washed with 300 mL 0.2 M pH 6.0 sodium phosphate buffer, brine, and then the solvent was removed in vacuo and the resulting white solid was dried in a vacuum oven to give (S)-4-(oxiran-2- yl)benzonitrile (23 g, 90% yield, 100% e.e.). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.62 (2 H, d), 7.35 (2 H, d), 3.88 (1 H, dd), 3.18 (1 H, app t), 2.73 (1 H, dd) Purity = 99%.

[00218] Chiral HPLC was done on a CHIRALP AK® AD-RH 4.6x150mm (Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd.) column using gradient of solvent A (10 mM NH₄OAc in water/acetonitrile, 90: 10) and solvent B (10 mM NH₄OAc in water/acetonitrile, 10:90) with 70% to 90% in 40 min at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min at ambient temperature. The detection employed UV at 235 nm. The retention times are as follows:

[00219] Peak 1 (Isomer A): RT = 16.7 min. for (S)-4-(oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile

[00220] Peak 2 (Isomer B): RT = 14.0 min. for (R)-4-(oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile Preparation of 14A-isomer A (Alternate Synthesis Route 1): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2 -hydroxy ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

(14A)-isomer A

[00221] (S)-4-(Oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile (10.00 g, 68.9 mmol), (S)-ethyl piperidine-3- carboxylate (10.83 g, 68.9 mmol) and iPrOH (100 mL) was charged into a round bottom flask under N₂. After heating at 55 ⁰C for 4 hours, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.683 g, 13.78 mmol) was then added. The reaction mixture was then heated to 50 ⁰C for an additional 12 hours. At this time HPLC indicated the starting material was completely converted to the desired product. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature. EtOAc (120 ml) was added, followed by 100 ml of water. The organic layer was separated, extracted with EtOAc (2x 100 mL) and concentrated under vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was recrystallized from EtOH/EtOAc/H₂O (3/2/2) (8ml/lg) to give a crystalline off-white solid 14A-alt (15 g, 72% yield, 99.6% e.e.). The absolute and relative stereochemistry was determined by single X-ray crystallography employing a wavelength of 1.54184 A. The crystalline material had an orthorhombic crystal system and unit cell parameters approximately equal to the following:

a = 5.57 A α = 90.0°

b = 9.7l A β = 90.0°

c = 30.04 A γ = 90.0°

Space group: P2₁2₁2₁

Molecules/asymmetric unit: 2

Volume/Number of molecules in the unit cell = 1625 A³

Density (calculated) = 1.236 g/cm³

Temperature 298 K.

Preparation 14E (Alternate Route 1): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- (4-cyanophenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

[00222] To a mixture of (S)-ethyl 1 -((S)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxy ethyl) piperidine-3-carboxylate (17.0 g, 56.2 mmol) and DIPEA (17.68 ml, 101 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (187 mL) was added tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (16 ml, 69.6 mmol) slowly. The reaction was monitored with HPLC. The reaction completed in 2 hours. The reaction mixture (a light brown solution) was quenched with water, the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was combined and dried with Na₂SO₄. After concentration, the crude material was further purified on a silica gel cartridge (33Og silica, 10-30% EtOAc/hexanes gradient) to afford a purified product (S)- ethyl 1 -((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3 – carboxylate (22.25 g, 53.4 mmol, 95 % yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.61 (2 H, d), 7.45 (2 H, d), 4.79 (1 H, m), 4.15 (2 H, m), 2.88 (1 H, m), 2.75 (1 H, m), 2.60 (1 H, dd), 2.48 (1 H, m), 2.40 (1 H, dd), 2.33 (1 H, tt), 2.12 (1 H, tt), 1.90 (1 H, m), 1.68 (1 H, dt), 1.52 (1 H, m), 1.48 (1 H, m), 1.27 (3 H, t), 0.89 (9 H, s), 0.08 (3 H, s), -0.07 (3 H, s).

Preparation 14F (Alternate Route 1): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- (4-((Z)-N’-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

[00223] (S)-Ethyl- 1 -((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3-carboxylate (31.0 g, 74.4 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (248 mL).

Hydroxylamine (50% aq) (6.84 ml, 112 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature overnight. Then all volatiles were removed with ROTA VAPOR®. The residue was purified with on a silica gel cartridge (33Og silica, 0-50% EtOAc/hexanes gradient) to give (S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-((Z)-N’- hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (31 g, 68.9 mmol, 93 % yield) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 8.38 (1 H, br s), 7.58 (2 H, d), 7.37 (2 H, d), 4.88 (2 H, br s), 4.81 (1 H, m), 4.13 (2 H, m), 2.96 (1 H, m), 2.82 (1 H, m), 2.61 (1 H, dd), 2.51 (1 H, m), 2.42 (1 H, dd), 2.32 (1 H, tt), 2.13 (1 H, dt), 1.91 (1 H, m), 1.66 (1 H, dt), 1.58 (1 H, m), 1.48 (1 H, m), 1.27 (3 H, t), 0.89 (9 H, s), 0.08 (3 H, s), -0.09 (3 H, s). Preparation 14G (Alternate Route 1): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- (4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

[00224] (S)-Ethyl- 1 -((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-((Z)-N’- hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (32.6g, 72.5 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (145 ml) (anhydrous) and cooled to ~3 ⁰C with ice-bath. 3- phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl chloride (19.98 g, 72.5 mmol) was dissolved in 5OmL anhydrous acetonitrile and added dropwise. The internal temperature was kept below 10 ⁰C during addition. After addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. At 30 minutes, HPLC showed completion of the first reaction step. The reaction mixture was re-cooled to below 10 ⁰C. DIEA (18.99 ml, 109 mmol) was added slowly. After the addition, the reaction mixture was heated up to 55 ⁰C for 17 hr s. HPLC/LCMS showed completion of the reaction. The solvents were removed by ROTA VAPOR®. The residue was stirred in 25OmL 20% EtOAc/hexanes and the DIPEA HCl salt precipitated from solution and was removed via filtration. The filtrate was concentrated and purified using a silica gel cartridge (3X33Og silica, 0-50%

EtOAc/hexanes gradient). (S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-(5-(3- phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3- carboxylate (43g, 64.1 mmol, 88 % yield) was obtained a light yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 8.16 (2 H, d), 7.68 (2 H, d), 7.57 (5 H, m), 4.85 (1 H, m), 4.14 (2 H, m), 2.95 (1 H, m), 2.82 (1 H, m), 2.64 (1 H, dd), 2.51 (1 H, m), 2.49 (1 H, dd), 2.35 (1 H, tt), 2.14 (1 H, dt), 1.91 (1 H, m), 1.66 (1 H, dt), 1.57 (1 H, m), 1.48 (1 H, m), 1.27 (3 H, t), 0.92 (9 H, s), 0.11 (3 H, s), -0.05 (3 H, s).

Example 14 (Alternate Route 1): (S)-l-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3- carboxylic acid

[00225] (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3- carboxylate (42g, 62.6 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (150 ml) and treated with 6M HCl (150 ml). The reaction mixture was heated to 65 ⁰C for 6 hours (the reaction was monitored with HPLC, EtOH was distilled out to push the equilibrium forward). Dioxane was removed and the residue was redissolved in ACN/water and lyophilized separately to give crude (S)-l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) isoxazol-5-yl)- l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, HCl, (37g crude foamy solid). The crude solid (36 g, 63.7 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (720 mL) and heated to 60 ⁰C and water (14.4 mL) was added dropwise. A clear solution was obtained, which was cooled to room temperature and concentrated to a viscous oil, treated with ethyl acetate (1.44 L) with vigorously stirring, heated to 60 ⁰C, and cooled to room temperature. (S)-l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)- l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, HCl (28g, 49.3 mmol, 77 % yield) was collected and vacuum dried. Characterization of product by ¹H NMR and chiral HPLC matched Example 14 prepared in previous synthesis.

Preparation of Intermediate (14A)-isomer A-Alternate Route 2; 2-Steps: (S)-Ethyl 1- ((S)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

(14A)-isomer A

Step 1 : Preparation (14D) (Alternate Route 2): (S)-Ethyl l-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2- oxoethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate hydrobromide

(14D)-isomer A

[00226] To a solution of commercially available (S)-ethyl piperidine-3-carboxylate (10 g, 63.6 mmol) in 200 mL toluene was added 4-(2-bromoacetyl)benzonitrile (17g, 76 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. The next day, the precipitated solid was collected by filtration and washed with ethyl acetate (x3) and dried under vacuum to give 15.2g of (S)-ethyl l-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate hydrobromide. MS (M+ 1) = 301. HPLC Peak RT = 1.51 minutes.

Step 2: Preparation of 14 A-isomer A (Alternate Route 2): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3 -carboxylate

[00227] Phosphate buffer (1100 mL, BF045, pH 7.0, 0. IM) was added into two liter jacketed glass reactor. The temperature of the reactor was adjusted to 20 ⁰C with the help of a circulator and the reaction mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer. Dithiothretol (185.2 mg, 1 mM), magnesium sulfate (288.9 mg, 2 mM), and D-glucose (11.343 g, 62.95 m moles) were added into the reactor. (5^*)-Ethyl l-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-oxoethyl) piperidine-3 -carboxylate HBr salt (12 g, 31.47 m moles dissolved in 60 mL DMSO) was added into the reactor slowly with continuous stirring, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate sodium salt (NADP), 918.47 mg, glucose dehydrogenase, 240 mg (total 18360 U, 76.5 U/mg, ~ 15U/mL, Amano Lot. GDHY1050601) and KRED-114, 1.2 g (CODEXIS® assay 7.8 U/mg of solid), were dissolved in 2.0 mL, 2.0 mL and 10 ml of the same buffer, respectively. Next, NADP, GDH and KRED-114 were added to the reactor in that order. The remaining 26 mL of same buffer was used to wash the NADP, GDH and KRED-114 containers and buffer was added into the same reactor. The starting pH of the reaction was 7.0 which decreased with the progress of the reaction and was maintained at pH 6.5 during the course of the reaction (used pH stat, maintained with IM NaOH). The reaction was run for 4.5 hours and immediately stopped and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution was evaporated under reduced pressure and weight of the dark brown residue was 12.14 g. The product was precipitated with dichloromethane and heptane to give 9 g of crude product which was further purified by dissolving it in minimum amount of dichloromethane and re-precipitating by the addition of excess amount of heptane to give 5.22 g. The process was repeated to give an additional 2.82 g of highly pure product for a total of 8.02 g of de > 99.5%.

[00228] Chiral HPLC was done on a CHIRALP AK® AD-RH 4.6x150mm (Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd.) column using gradient of solvent A (10 mM NH₄OAc in water/acetonitrile, 90: 10) and solvent B (IO mM NH₄OAc in water/acetonitrile, 10:90) with 70% to 90% in 40 min at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min at ambient temperature. The detection was done by UV at 235 nm. The retention times are as follows: [00229] Peak 1 (14A-isomer A): RT = 20.7 min. for (S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate.

[00230] Peak 2 (14B-isomer B): RT = 30.4 min. for (S)-ethyl l-((R)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate.

[00231] Compound 14A-isomer A prepared using this asymmetric method was unambiguously assigned since it was identical to the 14A-isomer A (by ¹H NMR and chiral HPLC retention time) that was prepared above and determined by X-ray crystallography. Synthesis of Example 14 from this material followed the same route as described above.

paper

Regioselective Epoxide Ring Opening for the Stereospecific Scale-Up Synthesis of BMS-960, A Potent and Selective Isoxazole-Containing S1P₁Receptor Agonist

Xiaoping Hou^*† , Huiping Zhang^†, Bang-Chi Chen^†, Zhiwei Guo^‡, Amarjit Singh^‡, Animesh Goswami^‡, John L. Gilmore^†, James E. Sheppeck^†, Alaric J. Dyckman^† , Percy H. Carter^†, and Arvind Mathur^†

^† Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States

^‡ Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00366

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00366

*E-mail: xiaoping.hou@bms.com.

This article presents a stereospecific scale-up synthesis of (S)-1-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid (BMS-960), a potent and selective isoxazole-containing S1P₁ receptor agonist. The process highlights an enzymatic reduction of α-bromoketone toward the preparation of (S)-bromo alcohol, a key precursor of (S)-4-(oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile. A regioselective and stereospecific epoxide ring-opening reaction was also optimized along with improvements to 1,2,4-oxadiazole formation, hydrolysis, and crystallization. The improved process was utilized to synthesize batches of BMS-960 for Ames testing and other toxicological studies.

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2016), 59(13), 6248-6264.

Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) of a Series of Ethanolamine-Based Direct-Acting Agonists of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P₁)

Abstract

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that regulates a multitude of physiological processes such as lymphocyte trafficking, cardiac function, vascular development, and inflammation. Because of the ability of S1P₁ receptor agonists to suppress lymphocyte egress, they have great potential as therapeutic agents in a variety of autoimmune diseases. In this article, the discovery of selective, direct acting S1P₁ agonists utilizing an ethanolamine scaffold containing a terminal carboxylic acid is described. Potent S1P₁ agonists such as compounds 18a and 19a which have greater than 1000-fold selectivity over S1P₃ are described. These compounds efficiently reduce blood lymphocyte counts in rats through 24 h after single doses of 1 and 0.3 mpk, respectively. Pharmacodynamic properties of both compounds are discussed. Compound 19a was further studied in two preclinical models of disease, exhibiting good efficacy in both the rat adjuvant arthritis model (AA) and the mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model (EAE).

BASE

(S)-1-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic Acid (18a)

(S)-ethyl 1-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (36%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₃) δ ppm 8.04 (2 H, d, J = 8.13 Hz), 7.55–7.60 (2 H, m), 7.41–7.54 (5 H, m), 4.81 (1 H, ddd, J = 8.35, 4.06, 3.84 Hz), 3.96–4.10 (2 H, m), 2.82–3.08 (1 H, m), 2.67–2.82 (1 H, m), 2.36–2.61 (3 H, m), 2.08–2.33 (2 H, m), 1.73–1.87 (1 H, m, J = 8.54, 8.54, 4.45, 4.17 Hz), 1.32–1.70 (3 H, m), 1.09–1.19 (3 H, m).

MS (M + H)⁺ at m/z 557. HPLC purity: 99%, t_r = 3.36 min (method B).

TFA salt

(S)-1-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, TFA salt (18a, 61%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₃) δ ppm 8.23 (2 H, d, J = 8.35 Hz), 7.65–7.74 (4 H, m), 7.54–7.65 (3 H, m), 5.29 (1 H, t, J = 7.03 Hz), 4.00 (1 H, br s), 3.43–3.75 (1 H, m), 3.34–3.41 (2 H, m), 2.82–3.24 (2 H, m), 2.26 (1 H, d, J = 11.86 Hz), 1.84–2.14 (2 H, m), 1.52–1.75 (1 H, m).

MS (M + H)⁺ at m/z 529.

HPLC t_r = 3.27 min (method B). HPLC purity: 99.4%, t_r = 8.78 min (method E); 99.0%, t_r = 7.29 min (method F).

HCL SALT

This material was converted to the HCl salt for the following analyses: mp: 219.2 °C. Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₂₃N₄O₅F₃·HCl: 0.14% water: C, 55.2; H, 4.31; N, 9.87; Cl, 6.25. Found: C, 55.39; H, 4.10; N, 9.88; Cl, 6.34. [α]_D²⁰ + 30.47 (c 0.336, MeOH). HPLC with chiral stationary phase (A linear gradient using CO₂ (solvent A) and IPA with 0.1% DEA (solvent B); t = 0 min, 30% B, t = 10 min, 55% B was employed on a Chiralcel AD-H 250 mm × 4.6 mm ID, 5 μm column; flow rate was 2.0 mL/min): t_r = 5.38 min with >99% ee.

References

//////BMS-960, PRECLINICAL, BMS 960

Cl.O=C(O)[C@H]1CCCN(C1)C[C@@H](O)c2ccc(cc2)c3nc(on3)c5onc(c4ccccc4)c5C(F)(F)F

Tropical diseases caused by parasitic protozoa are a threat to human health, mainly in developing countries. Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease and sleeping sickness) and leishmaniasis, inter alia, are classified as neglected tropical diseases, and over 400 million people are at risk of contracting these diseases.

In addition, a parasite of the Trypanosoma genus, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, is the causative agent of Nagana disease in wild and domestic animals, and this disease is a major obstacle to the economic development of affected rural areas.

Although some therapeutic agents for these diseases exist, they have limitations, such as serious side effects and the emergence of drug resistance. Thus, new and more effective antiprotozoal medicines are needed

Marine natural products have recently been considered to be good sources for drug leads. In particular, secondary metabolites produced by marine cyanobacteria have unique structures and versatile biological activities, and some of these compounds show antiprotozoal activities. For example, coibacin A isolated from cf. Oscillatoria sp. exhibited potent antileishmanial activity, and viridamide A isolated from Oscillatoria nigro-viridis showed antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities.

constituents of marine cyanobacteria and reported an antitrypanosomal cyclodepsipeptide, janadolide.

The marine cyanobacterium was collected at the coast near Hoshino, Okinawa.

Okinawa 沖縄市 Uchinaa
City
Flag

EARLIER MERCK TEAM HAD REPORTED

PAPER

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00047

Recently, we isolated a new antitrypanosomal lactam, hoshinolactam (1), from a marine cyanobacterium.Structurally, 1 contains a cyclopropane ring and a γ-lactam ring. So far, some metabolites possessing either a cyclopropane ring or a γ-lactam ring have been discovered from marine cyanobacteria, such as majusculoic acid and malyngamide A. To the best of our knowledge, on the other hand, hoshinolactam (1) is the first compound discovered in marine cyanobacteria that possesses both of these ring systems. In addition, we clarified that 1 exhibited potent antitrypanosomal activity without cytotoxicity against human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Here, we report the isolation, structure elucidation, first total synthesis, and preliminary biological characterization of hoshinolactam (1).

Isolation and Total Synthesis of Hoshinolactam, an Antitrypanosomal Lactam from a Marine Cyanobacterium

Hidetoshi Ogawa^†, Arihiro Iwasaki^†, Shimpei Sumimoto^†, Masato Iwatsuki^‡§, Aki Ishiyama^‡§, Rei Hokari^‡, Kazuhiko Otoguro^‡, Satoshi O̅mura^‡, and Kiyotake Suenaga^*†

^† Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan

^‡ Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, and ^§Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan

Org. Lett., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00047

*E-mail: suenaga@chem.keio.ac.jp.

In the search for new antiprotozoal substances, hoshinolactam, an antitrypanosomal lactam, was isolated from a marine cyanobacterium. The gross structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration was determined by the first total synthesis. Hoshinolactam showed potent antitrypanosomal activity with an IC₅₀ value of 3.9 nM without cytotoxicity against human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells (IC₅₀ > 25 μM).

¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra in CD₃OD

1H NMR PREDICT

13 C NMR PREDICT

OKINAWA

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CC(C)C[C@@H]2NC(=O)[C@H](C)C2OC(=O)/C=C/[C@H]1C[C@@H]1CCC

AMG-3969

M.Wt: 522.46
Cas : 1361224-53-4 , MF: C21H20F6N4O3S

WO 2012027261 PRODUCT PATENT